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Garuda Purana — Preta Kalpa, Shloka 43

Akalamṛtyu-kāraṇa and Bāla Antyeṣṭi: Age-graded Funeral Rites, Śrāddha Types, and Sonship Duties

Devanagari script

द्वावेतौ विद्धि चाण्डालौ सगोत्राद्यस्तु जायते / स्वर्यातिविहितान्पुत्रः समुत्पाद्य खगेश्वर

Transliteration

dvāvetau viddhi cāṇḍālau sagotrādyastu jāyate / svaryātivihitānputraḥ samutpādya khageśvara

Translation

اے خگیشور، جان لو کہ یہ دو چانڈال سمجھے جائیں: پہلا وہ جو سَگوتر (ایک ہی گوتر) میں ممنوعہ ملاپ سے پیدا ہو؛ دوسرا وہ بیٹا جو ممنوعہ طریقے سے اولاد پیدا کر کے پھر سُورگ کو چلا جائے۔

Word by Word
द्वौtwo
द्वौ:
Karta (Qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; संख्यावाचक-विशेषण (चाण्डालौ)
एतौthese two
एतौ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; सर्वनाम
विद्धिknow (you)
विद्धि:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु)
Formलोट् (imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
चाण्डालौcaṇḍālas (outcastes)
चाण्डालौ:
Karma (Object-complement/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootचाण्डाल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन
सगोत्रात्from the same lineage
सगोत्रात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootस (उपसर्ग/प्रातिपदिक) + गोत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (अपादान), एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष (समानं गोत्रं यस्य)
यःwho
यः:
Karta (Relative subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धक
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/अन्वय-अव्यय (particle)
जायतेis born
जायते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
स्वर्यातिविहितान्those prescribed/ordained by 'svaryāti' (reading uncertain)
स्वर्यातिविहितान्:
Karma (Qualifier/कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वर्याति (प्रातिपदिक, uncertain reading) + विहित (कृदन्त, क्त; वि + धा धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (स्वर्यातिना विहितान्) विशेषण (पुत्रान्/पुत्रः-सम्बन्ध)
पुत्रःa son
पुत्रः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन
समुत्पाद्यhaving produced
समुत्पाद्य:
Kriya (Prior action/पूर्वक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् + उत् + पद्/पाद् (धातु) → समुत्पाद्य (ल्यप्/क्त्वा-समकक्ष)
Formल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund), पूर्वकाल (having produced/caused to be born)
खगेश्वरO lord of birds (Garuda)
खगेश्वर:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootखग (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (vocative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (खगानाम् ईश्वरः)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Forbidden same-gotra unions and prohibited procreation are condemned; such transgressions are said to produce ‘cāṇḍāla’-status outcomes within the text’s taxonomy.

Vedantic Theme: Karma and saṃskāra framed through social-ritual law; emphasis on niyama and lineage regulation rather than nondual ontology.

Application: Within traditional ritual frameworks: observe marriage/lineage rules as prescribed by one’s śākhā/smṛti; more broadly: recognize the importance of informed consent, lawful kinship boundaries, and social responsibility in family formation.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: discussions of gotra rules and prohibited relations affecting śrāddha eligibility (thematic)

Characters & Entities
G
Garuda (Khageshvara)
C
Chandala (outcaste)

FAQs

This verse treats birth from a same-gotra/forbidden union as a grave breach of dharma, classifying it among causes that lead to being regarded as a cāṇḍāla (social and ritual exclusion).

It warns that even if one attains heaven, producing offspring through prohibited means is still condemned—showing that ritual/ethical violations carry their own dharmic stigma and consequences.

Treat family/lineage rules and ethical responsibilities around relationships and parenthood seriously, emphasizing informed, responsible conduct aligned with one’s tradition and societal duties.

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