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Shloka 36

Akalamṛtyu-kāraṇa and Bāla Antyeṣṭi: Age-graded Funeral Rites, Śrāddha Types, and Sonship Duties

Devanagari script

कुर्वन्त्यन्ये सुताः श्राद्धमे कोद्दिष्टं न पार्वणम् / ब्राह्मोढाजस्तून्नयति संगृहीतस्त्वधो नयेत् / श्राद्धं सांवत्सरं कुर्वञ्जायते नरकाय वै

Transliteration

kurvantyanye sutāḥ śrāddhame koddiṣṭaṃ na pārvaṇam / brāhmoḍhājastūnnayati saṃgṛhītastvadho nayet / śrāddhaṃ sāṃvatsaraṃ kurvañjāyate narakāya vai

Translation

کچھ بیٹے صرف ایکودِشٹ شَرادھ کرتے ہیں، پارون شَرادھ نہیں۔ اگر برہمن غلط طور پر چُن لیا جائے تو وہ کرم کو اوپر لے جاتا ہے؛ مگر جو ‘سنگرہیت’ (ناپاک/نااہل) ہو وہ اسے نیچے گرا دیتا ہے۔ اور جو سال میں صرف ایک بار شَرادھ کرے وہ یقیناً دوزخ کا مستحق بنتا ہے۔

Word by Word
कुर्वन्तिperform
कुर्वन्ति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपदम्
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन
सुताःsons
सुताः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसुत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन
श्राद्धम्śrāddha rite
श्राद्धम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन
एकोद्दिष्टम्the ekoddiṣṭa (single-ancestor) rite
एकोद्दिष्टम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootएक + उद्दिष्ट (प्रातिपदिक); कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुषसमासः (eka-uddiṣṭa)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; श्राद्धविशेषः
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negation particle)
पार्वणम्the pārvaṇa rite
पार्वणम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपार्वण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; श्राद्धविशेषः
ब्राह्मोढाजःone who is ‘brāhma-ūḍha-aja’ (textual class; lit. brāhma-married-goat; obscure)
ब्राह्मोढाजः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्म + ऊढ + अज (प्रातिपदिक); बहुव्रीहिसमासः (brāhma-ūḍha-aja)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; जातिविशेष/दुर्लभ-समासः
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/विशेषार्थक-अव्यय (particle: but/indeed)
उन्नयतिleads upward
उन्नयति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-नी (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
संगृहीतःadopted/accepted
संगृहीतः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-ग्रह् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विशेषणम्
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/विशेषार्थक-अव्यय (particle)
अधःdownward
अधः:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअधः (अव्यय)
Formदेश/दिशावाचक-अव्यय (adverb: downward)
नयेत्would lead
नयेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनी (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
श्राद्धम्śrāddha
श्राद्धम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन
सांवत्सरम्annual
सांवत्सरम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसांवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; श्राद्धस्य विशेषणम्
कुर्वन्doing (performing)
कुर्वन्:
Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमानकाले कृदन्त (present active participle/शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; कर्तरि
जायतेis born/comes to be
जायते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपदम्
नरकायfor hell
नरकाय:
Sampradana (Recipient/Goal/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootनरक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन; सम्प्रदानार्थे (dative)
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue instruction to Garuda/Vainateya)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Naraka

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Ekoddishta

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Annual-only performance criticized; proper schedule implied beyond once-yearly tokenism

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Ritual action bears precise results: incomplete śrāddha (only ekoddiṣṭa), wrong officiant, or mere annual tokenism produces adverse karma and naraka-gati.

Vedantic Theme: Karma’s exactitude (yathā-kriyā tathā-phala) and the necessity of śuddhi/adhikāra; ritual as a disciplined means within pravṛtti-mārga.

Application: Learn the difference between ekoddiṣṭa and pārvaṇa; choose qualified priests; avoid reducing ancestral rites to minimal formalities.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: raudra

Geographic Context

Type: ritual space

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana passages on narakas for neglect of śrāddha and on brāhmaṇa-eligibility in rites (general)

Characters & Entities
B
Brahmin (officiant)
P
Pitris (implied through śrāddha)
N
Naraka (hell)

FAQs

This verse warns that doing only ekoddiṣṭa śrāddha while neglecting pārvaṇa śrāddha is considered a serious deficiency in pitṛ-kārya, leading to negative post-death consequences.

It states that an improperly chosen or confused officiant can distort the rite’s outcome: a fit Brahmin ‘raises’ the merit, while an unfit/tainted one causes the rite to ‘fall’—implying loss of benefit and adverse results.

Perform śrāddha with correct procedure (including the appropriate type, not merely annual formality) and engage a qualified, ritually fit priest—treating ancestral duties as dharma rather than a minimal obligation.

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