Shloka 1

Kāraṇānvēṣaṇam: The 32 Marks of Hari, Defects (Doṣas), Death-Omens, and Hari’s Omnipresence in Social & Household Life

हेतुनिरूपणं नामैकविंशो ऽध्यायः श्रीकृष्ण उवाच / या लक्ष्मणा पूर्वसर्गे खगेन्द्र पुत्री ह्यभूद्वह्निवेदस्य वेत्तुः / सुलक्षणैः संयुतत्वाद्यतः सा सुलक्ष्मणेति प्रथिता खगेन्द्र

hetunirūpaṇaṃ nāmaikaviṃśo 'dhyāyaḥ śrīkṛṣṇa uvāca / yā lakṣmaṇā pūrvasarge khagendra putrī hyabhūdvahnivedasya vettuḥ / sulakṣaṇaiḥ saṃyutatvādyataḥ sā sulakṣmaṇeti prathitā khagendra

‘ہیتو نِروپَن’ نامی اکیسواں ادھیائے۔ شری کرشن نے فرمایا—اے کھگےندر! پچھلے سَرگ میں لکشمنَا نامی گَرُڑ کی بیٹی تھی؛ وہ اگنی وید کے جاننے والے کی زوجہ بنی۔ بہترین شُبھ لکشَنوں سے یُکت ہونے کے سبب، اے گَرُڑ، وہ ‘سُلکشمنَا’ کے نام سے مشہور ہوئی۔

hetu-nirūpaṇamexposition of causes
hetu-nirūpaṇam:
Pratijñā (प्रतिज्ञा/Title subject)
TypeNoun
Roothetu (प्रातिपदिक) + nirūpaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; ‘exposition of causes’
nāmanamed
nāma:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Naming particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnāma (अव्यय)
FormNipāta (particle) used in naming/title ‘called’
eka-viṃśaḥtwenty-first
eka-viṃśaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rooteka (प्रातिपदिक) + viṃśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; numeral compound ‘twenty-one’ qualifying adhyāyaḥ
adhyāyaḥchapter
adhyāyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootadhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
śrī-kṛṣṇaḥŚrī Kṛṣṇa
śrī-kṛṣṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Speaker)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī (प्रातिपदिक) + kṛṣṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; proper name
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormLiṭ (Perfect/लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular, Parasmaipada
she who
:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormRelative pronoun, Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
lakṣmaṇāLakṣmaṇā
lakṣmaṇā:
Karta (कर्ता/Appositive subject)
TypeNoun
Rootlakṣmaṇā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; apposition to yā
pūrva-sargein the previous creation
pūrva-sarge:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time-context)
TypeNoun
Rootpūrva (प्रातिपदिक) + sarga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘in the former creation’
khagendraO lord of birds
khagendra:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative)
TypeNoun
Rootkhagendra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular
putrīdaughter
putrī:
Pratijñā (प्रतिज्ञा/Predicate nominal)
TypeNoun
Rootputrī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormNipāta (particle), emphasis
abhūtwas/became
abhūt:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (धातु)
FormLuṅ (Aorist/लुङ्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
vahni-vedasyaof Vahni-veda (knower of fire)
vahni-vedasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootvahni (प्रातिपदिक) + veda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; ‘of the knower of fire’ (as transmitted)
vettuḥof the knower
vettuḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
TypeNoun
Root√vid (धातु) → vettṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; agent noun ‘knower’
su-lakṣaṇaiḥwith auspicious characteristics
su-lakṣaṇaiḥ:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootsu (अव्यय) + lakṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; ‘with good marks/qualities’
saṃyutatvātbecause of being endowed
saṃyutatvāt:
Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃyutatva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular; ‘because of being endowed/connected’
yataḥbecause
yataḥ:
Hetu (हेतु/Causal connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyataḥ (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (relative adverb), ‘because/whence’
she
:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
su-lakṣmaṇāSu-lakṣmaṇā
su-lakṣmaṇā:
Pratijñā (प्रतिज्ञा/Predicate nominal)
TypeNoun
Rootsu (अव्यय) + lakṣmaṇā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; name/epithet
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Quotation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (इति)
prathitāwas renowned
prathitā:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootpra√thā (धातु)
FormKṛdanta: Past passive participle (क्त), Feminine, Nominative, Singular; ‘became renowned’
khagendraO Khagendra
khagendra:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative)
TypeNoun
Rootkhagendra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular

Śrī Kṛṣṇa (as narrator/teacher in dialogue addressing Garuḍa)

Concept: Auspicious marks (sulakṣaṇa) signify excellence and are used to recognize dharmic/fortunate constitution; naming reflects perceived qualities.

Vedantic Theme: Nāma–rūpa and guṇa as indicators within prakṛti; recognition of order (ṛta) through signs.

Application: Use ‘lakṣaṇa’ as a disciplined method of discernment—evaluate character and conduct (not merely appearance) when judging suitability, alliances, or roles.

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: cosmic-cycle reference

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.22 (Heṭu-nirūpaṇa): introduction to lakṣaṇa-vicāra leading to enumeration of marks; Garuda Purana: recurring theme of auspicious signs connected to divine forms and dharmic outcomes

Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
G
Garuḍa (Khagendra)
A
Agni (Vahni)

FAQs

This opening frames the chapter as a causal inquiry: even a name like “Su-lakṣmaṇā” is explained as arising from specific qualities (auspicious marks), signaling that outcomes are traced to underlying causes.

Indirectly, it models Purāṇic reasoning: identity and reputation follow from qualities and prior conditions, reflecting the broader karmic principle that effects arise from causes across creation-cycles.

Cultivate “su-lakṣaṇa” (good qualities and conduct) so that one’s life becomes naturally aligned with dharma—reputation and results follow character and consistent practice.