Shloka 25

Ruci and the Pitṛs: On Marriage, Debts (Ṛṇa), and Desireless Karma

रुचिरुवाच / वृद्धो ऽहं साम्प्रतं को मे पितरः सम्प्रिदास्यति / भार्यान्तथा दरिद्रस्य दुष्करो दारसंग्रहः

ruciruvāca / vṛddho 'haṃ sāmprataṃ ko me pitaraḥ sampridāsyati / bhāryāntathā daridrasya duṣkaro dārasaṃgrahaḥ

روچِر نے کہا: میں اب بوڑھا ہوں؛ میرے پِتروں کو کون راضی کرے گا اور سہارا دے گا؟ اور غریب آدمی کے لیے بیوی کو اختیار کرنا اور اس کی پرورش کرنا یقیناً دشوار ہے۔

रुचिरःRucira
रुचिरः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootरुचिर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; वक्ता (proper name)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; अर्थः—अवदत् (said)
वृद्धःold
वृद्धः:
Karta (Subject-complement/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; ‘अहम्’ विशेषणम्
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन
साम्प्रतम्now
साम्प्रतम्:
Adhikarana (Temporal/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाम्प्रत (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक अव्यय (now/at present)
कःwho
कः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम
मेmy/of me
मे:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th case), एकवचन; एन्क्लिटिक रूप (my/of me)
पितॄन्the ancestors/fathers
पितॄन्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), बहुवचन; (पितरः इत्यत्र पाठभेदः; अर्थतः कर्म)
सम्प्रिदास्यतिwill duly offer/give
सम्प्रिदास्यति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + प्र + दा (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; अर्थः—सम्यक् प्रदास्यति (will duly give/offer)
भार्याम्a wife
भार्याम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/तुल्यतासूचक अव्यय (and likewise/also)
दरिद्रस्यof a poor man
दरिद्रस्य:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootदरिद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th case), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध (of a poor man)
दुष्करःdifficult
दुष्करः:
Karta (Subject-complement/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्कर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; ‘दारसंग्रहः’ विशेषणम्
दारसंग्रहःmarriage (taking a wife)
दारसंग्रहः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदार + संग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; समासः—दाराणां संग्रहः (marriage/accepting a wife)

Rucira

Concept: Material limitation and old age create fear about sustaining household life; the verse frames the tension between dharmic injunction and practical capacity.

Vedantic Theme: Recognition of anitya (impermanence) and dependence; prompts reflection on dharma supported by right means and community.

Application: Plan life-stage duties with foresight—economic responsibility, community support, and ethical provisioning; seek guidance for dharmic living within one’s means.

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: dialogue setting

Related Themes: Garuda Purana narratives where household duties intersect with pitṛ-obligations and personal limitations (general thematic parallel)

FAQs

This verse highlights that marriage is not merely a social act but a responsibility—supporting dependents and sustaining a household requires capacity and duty-consciousness.

Indirectly, it frames human life as shaped by dharma and practical duties; such choices and responsibilities form the ethical ground that later connects to karmic outcomes described elsewhere in the Purana.

Take on major life commitments—marriage, dependents, and caregiving—with realistic planning and a sense of duty, ensuring you can provide stability rather than hardship.