Shloka 17

Śālagrāma–Sudarśana-Vyūha Nirūpaṇa, Tīrtha-Saṅgraha, Samvatsara-Nāma, and Mantra-Rakṣā

Devanagari script

तिथी एका ग्निकोष्ठेषु त्रयो राजाथ सा (मा) जयाः / उदासामृत्युपीडाश्च कुजः सोमसुतः क्रमात्

Transliteration

tithī ekā gnikoṣṭheṣu trayo rājātha sā (mā) jayāḥ / udāsāmṛtyupīḍāśca kujaḥ somasutaḥ kramāt

Translation

تِتھیوں میں ایک ‘ایکا’ ہے؛ اگنی-کوٹھوں میں تین (صورتیں) ہیں؛ پھر ‘راجا’، اس کے بعد سا(ما) اور جَیا۔ پھر ترتیب سے اُداسا، مرتیو-پیڑا، کُج (مریخ) اور سوم سُت (بُدھ) ہیں۔

Word by Word

• तिथी: two lunar days (tithis)
• तिथी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन (तिथी = तिथ्यौ; वैदिक/छान्दस-रूप)

• एका: one/single
• एका: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; संख्याविशेषण (तिथी इत्यर्थे पाठसामञ्जस्ये पाठभेद सम्भवः)

• अग्निकोष्ठेषु: in the fire-compartments
• अग्निकोष्ठेषु: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि + कोष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (अग्नेः कोष्ठः)

• त्रयः: three
• त्रयः: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; संख्याविशेषण

• राजा: Rājā (name)
• राजा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नाम

• अथ: then
• अथ: Sambandha (Discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अनन्तरबोधक-निपात (then/now)

• सा: Sā (name)
• सा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नाम (पाठभेद: सा/सामा)

• जयाः: Jayās (names)
• जयाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; नाम (जयाः)

• उदासामृत्युपीडाः: Udāsā, Mṛtyu, and Pīḍā (names)
• उदासामृत्युपीडाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदासा + मृत्यु + पीडा (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्व (उदासा च मृत्युश्च पीडा च)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-निपात

• कुजः: Kuja (Mars; name)
• कुजः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नाम (मङ्गलः)

• सोमसुतः: Somasuta (son of Soma; name)
• सोमसुतः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम + सुत (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (सोमस्य सुतः)

• क्रमात्: in order/ क्रमशः
• क्रमात्: Hetu/Adverbial (Manner)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; अव्ययीभावार्थे ‘क्रमात्’ = क्रमशः

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Actions bear different outcomes depending on tithi-structure and planetary order; correct sequencing supports desired karma-phala.

Vedantic Theme: Interdependence of individual action and cosmic order (ṛta/dharma) within time; prudence in initiating karma.

Application: Apply the mapping of tithi/koṣṭha categories and the indicated planetary sequence (Kuja, Budha as ‘Somāsuta’) when selecting times for undertakings.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: ritual-space

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.66.15-16 (vowel-based time scheme and pañcāgni diagram)

Characters & Entities

• Agni
• Kuja (Mars)
• Soma
• Budha (Mercury)

FAQs

What is the importance of tithi classification in the Garuda Purana?

This verse presents a named, ordered listing connected to tithis and related categories, indicating that correct calendrical identification and sequencing mattered for interpreting ritual timing and results.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not directly describe the soul’s post-death journey; rather, it appears in a technical enumerative context (tithi/astral naming), which in the Garuda Purana often supports ritual and timing frameworks that accompany life-cycle and death rites.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a reminder to follow a traditional calendar (pañcāṅga) and consult competent guidance when choosing timings for rites—especially śrāddha, dāna, and other observances—since the text treats such sequences as meaningful.