Shloka 71

Āhnika-Dharma: Dawn Purification, Sandhyā-Upāsanā, Tarpana, Pañca-Mahāyajñas, and Aśauca Rules

Devanagari script

वैश्वदेवस्तु कर्तव्यो देवयज्ञः स तु स्मृतः / भूतयज्ञःऋ स वै ज्ञेयो भूतेभ्यो यस्त्वयं बलिः

Transliteration

vaiśvadevastu kartavyo devayajñaḥ sa tu smṛtaḥ / bhūtayajñaḥṛ sa vai jñeyo bhūtebhyo yastvayaṃ baliḥ

Translation

وَیشودیو کا کرنا واجب ہے؛ یہی دیویَجْن (देवयज्ञ) کے طور پر یاد کیا گیا ہے۔ اور جو بَلی (نذر) جانداروں کو دی جائے، وہ بھوتَیَجْن (भूतयज्ञ) سمجھنی چاہیے۔

Word by Word

• वैश्वदेवः: Vaiśvadeva rite (offering to all deities)
• वैश्वदेवः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaiśvadeva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha/Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थक

• कर्तव्यः: to be done/should be performed
• कर्तव्यः: Vidheyavisheshana (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛ (धातु) + tavya (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: तव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण

• देवयज्ञः: deity-sacrifice (deva-yajña)
• देवयज्ञः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक) + yajña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (देवानां यज्ञः), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सः: that/it
• सः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तु: indeed
• तु: Sambandha/Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle)

• स्मृतः: is said/remembered (as)
• स्मृतः: Vidheyavisheshana (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: smṛ (धातु) + ta (क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• भूतयज्ञः: offering to beings (bhūta-yajña)
• भूतयज्ञः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūta (प्रातिपदिक) + yajña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (भूतानां यज्ञः), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सः: that/it
• सः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha/Emphasis
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• ज्ञेयः: to be known/should be understood
• ज्ञेयः: Vidheyavisheshana (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jñā (धातु) + ya (यत्)
• Form: यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण

• भूतेभ्यः: to the beings
• भूतेभ्यः: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th case), बहुवचन

• यः: which/that (who)
• यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तु: indeed
• तु: Sambandha/Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle)

• अयम्: this
• अयम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• बलिः: offering/portion (bali)
• बलिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bali (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Vaiśvadeva as devayajña; bali to beings as bhūtayajña—daily reciprocity sustaining cosmic and social order.

Vedantic Theme: Īśvara-ārpaṇa-buddhi and loka-saṅgraha as purifying karma (karma-yoga orientation).

Application: Maintain a daily offering practice: a small portion of food mentally dedicated first to devas, then shared with living beings as a disciplined habit.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: household (griha)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Preta/Ācāra sections): pañca-mahāyajña and śrāddha-related duties (general thematic continuity)

Characters & Entities

• Devas
• Bhutas (living beings/creatures)

FAQs

What is the importance of Vaiśvadeva in the Garuda Purana?

This verse defines Vaiśvadeva as devayajña—an obligatory daily offering that aligns the householder with deva-oriented duty and merit.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

By prescribing daily yajñas (devayajña and bhūtayajña), it points to karma-based purification: regular dharmic offerings support auspicious outcomes in post-death journeys described elsewhere in the Garuda Purana.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Maintain a daily rhythm of gratitude and giving—offer a small portion in worship (devayajña) and feed/serve living beings (bhūtayajña) as a concrete discipline of dharma.