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Shloka 70

Āhnika-Dharma: Dawn Purification, Sandhyā-Upāsanā, Tarpana, Pañca-Mahāyajñas, and Aśauca Rules

Devanagari script

यदि स्यात्तर्पणादर्वाग्ब्रयज्ञं कुतो भवेत् / कृत्वा मनुष्ययज्ञं वै ततः स्वाध्यायमाचरेत्

Transliteration

yadi syāttarpaṇādarvāgbrayajñaṃ kuto bhavet / kṛtvā manuṣyayajñaṃ vai tataḥ svādhyāyamācaret

Translation

اگر ترپن سے پہلے ہی برہما یَجْن ہو تو وہ کیسے ممکن ہے؟ پہلے مانوش یَجْن کرے، پھر سوادھیائے میں مشغول ہو۔

Word by Word
यदिif
यदि:
Sambandha (Condition/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
Formशर्त-निपात (conditional conjunction)
स्यात्should be/would be
स्यात्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Parasmaipada
तर्पणात्from tarpaṇa (libation/satiation rite)
तर्पणात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootतर्पण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (अपादान), एकवचन; Ablative singular
अर्वाक्before/earlier than
अर्वाक्:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअर्वाक् (अव्यय)
Formदेश/क्रमवाचक-अव्यय (adverb): ‘before/this side of’
ब्रह्म-यज्ञम्Brahma/Veda-sacrifice (study)
ब्रह्म-यज्ञम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) + यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष
कुतःhow/from where
कुतः:
Sambandha (Question/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकुतः (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्न-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
भवेत्could be/should occur
भवेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Parasmaipada
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (Prior action/पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive): ‘having done’
मनुष्य-यज्ञम्human-sacrifice (service to humans/guests)
मनुष्य-यज्ञम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक) + यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘मनुष्याणां यज्ञः’
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphatic particle)
ततःthen/thereafter
ततः:
Sambandha (Sequence/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
Formक्रमवाचक-अव्यय (sequential adverb): ‘thereafter’
स्वाध्यायम्self-study/recitation (of Veda)
स्वाध्यायम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Accusative singular
आचरेत्should practise/perform
आचरेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootआ√चर् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Parasmaipada
Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in instruction to Garuḍa/Vinatā-putra, within the Garuḍa Purāṇa dialogue frame)

Shraddha Ritual

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Daily/regular tarpaṇa context implied; instruction concerns its placement relative to other duties

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Right order (krama) in nitya-karma: manuṣya-yajña precedes svādhyāya; tarpaṇa placed wrongly would obstruct brahma-yajña’s proper performance.

Vedantic Theme: Discipline and purity of routine (niyama) support inner clarity; dharma as the scaffolding for higher pursuit.

Application: Keep a consistent daily sequence: attend to people/guests and obligations first, then dedicate uninterrupted time to study/recitation; avoid ritual shortcuts that undermine purpose.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: daily household/ashrama routine (nitya-karma sequence)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.50.69 (pañca-mahāyajña)

FAQs

This verse treats brahma-yajña as a core daily obligation: sacred learning/recitation should be preserved by doing duties in the proper order, culminating in svādhyāya.

Indirectly: it emphasizes dharma through disciplined daily yajñas; such righteous routine supports merit (puṇya) and steadiness of mind, which the text repeatedly links with better post-death outcomes.

Prioritize service and hospitality (manuṣya-yajña) and then set a fixed time for scriptural study/recitation (svādhyāya), keeping household rites in a consistent, meaningful sequence.

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