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Shloka 69

Āhnika-Dharma: Dawn Purification, Sandhyā-Upāsanā, Tarpana, Pañca-Mahāyajñas, and Aśauca Rules

Devanagari script

अप्रेते सशिरा वेतियजेत्वा पुष्पके हरिम् / देवयज्ञं पितृयज्ञं तथैव च / मानुषं ब्रह्मयज्ञं च पञ्च यज्ञान्समाचरेत्

Transliteration

aprete saśirā vetiyajetvā puṣpake harim / devayajñaṃ pitṛyajñaṃ tathaiva ca / mānuṣaṃ brahmayajñaṃ ca pañca yajñānsamācaret

Translation

پریت بننے سے پہلے گڑوڑارُوڑ شری ہری کی پوجا کرے؛ اور پانچ مہایَجْن—دیویَجْن، پِتْر یَجْن، مانوش یَجْن اور برہما یَجْن—باقاعدہ ادا کرے۔

Word by Word
अप्रेतेwhile alive (not deceased)
अप्रेते:
Adhikarana (Condition/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रेत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; locative absolute sense: ‘when not dead/while alive’
स-शिराःwith bowed head
स-शिराः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस (अव्यय-उपसर्गार्थ) + शिरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि: ‘शिरसा सहितः’ (with head—i.e., with bowed head)
वेतिः(particle; reading uncertain)
वेतिः:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवेति (अव्यय)
Formपाठभेद/संदिग्धपद; सम्भाव्य: ‘इति’/‘वेति’ उद्धरण-निपात (quotative/particle)
यजेत्should worship/sacrifice
यजेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√यज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Parasmaipada
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (Alternative/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्प (disjunctive particle)
पुष्पकेin/at the flower-offering (rite) / on a flower-seat (contextual)
पुष्पके:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपुष्पक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन; Locative singular
हरिम्Hari (Vishnu)
हरिम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootहरि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Accusative singular
देव-यज्ञम्deva-sacrifice
देव-यज्ञम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक) + यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘देवानां यज्ञः’
पितृ-यज्ञम्ancestor-sacrifice
पितृ-यज्ञम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक) + यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘पितॄणां यज्ञः’
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
एवindeed/just
एव:
Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण (emphatic particle)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय (conjunction)
मानुषम्human (i.e., human-related)
मानुषम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootमानुष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; used elliptically for ‘मानुष्ययज्ञम्’
ब्रह्म-यज्ञम्Brahma/Veda-sacrifice (study/recitation)
ब्रह्म-यज्ञम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) + यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘ब्रह्मणः/वेदस्य यज्ञः’
चand
च:
Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय (conjunction)
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्च (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् संख्या; द्वितीया-बहुवचनार्थे विशेषणम् (qualifies यज्ञान्)
यज्ञान्sacrifices
यज्ञान्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Accusative plural
समाचरेत्should perform/practise
समाचरेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+आ√चर् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Parasmaipada
Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in instruction to Garuḍa/Vinatā-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Shraddha Ritual

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Before death as ongoing household duty; pitṛ-yajña as regular observance

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Before death and pretahood, one should worship Hari and practice pañca-mahāyajña—integrating devotion with social, ancestral, divine, and scriptural obligations.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-yoga: duties performed as worship purify and support higher realization; remembrance of mortality intensifies dharmic living.

Application: Maintain a balanced dharmic routine: hospitality/service (manuṣya-yajña), study/recitation (brahma-yajña), offerings/thanks (deva-yajña), ancestor remembrance (pitṛ-yajña), and care for beings (bhūta-yajña—implied in pañca-mahāyajña lists).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: householder’s sphere (grihastha-ashrama) and worship space

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.50.70 (ordering of yajñas and svadhyaya)

Characters & Entities
H
Hari (Viṣṇu)
G
Garuḍa (implied by 'puṣpake')
D
Devas
P
Pitṛs
P
Preta (state)

FAQs

This verse presents the five yajñas as essential lifelong duties—worship of Devas, honoring ancestors, service to people, and sacred study—forming a dharmic foundation that supports a peaceful transition at death.

It implies that neglect of dharma and obligatory sacrifices can contribute to an unsettled post-death condition; therefore, one should worship Hari and maintain the five yajñas to avoid becoming a troubled preta.

Maintain regular worship, gratitude to ancestors (śrāddha/tarpaṇa as appropriate), charity and hospitality, and daily study/recitation of sacred texts—treating these as steady habits rather than last-moment rites.

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