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Shloka 3

Āhnika-Dharma: Dawn Purification, Sandhyā-Upāsanā, Tarpana, Pañca-Mahāyajñas, and Aśauca Rules

Devanagari script

स्त्रायान्नदीषु शुद्धासु शौचं कृत्वा यथाविधि / प्रतः स्नानेन पूयन्ते ये ऽपि पापकृतो जनाः

Transliteration

strāyānnadīṣu śuddhāsu śaucaṃ kṛtvā yathāvidhi / prataḥ snānena pūyante ye 'pi pāpakṛto janāḥ

Translation

پاکیزہ ندیوں میں طریقے کے مطابق طہارت کر کے صبح کا غسل کرے۔ صبح کے غسل سے گناہ کرنے والے لوگ بھی پاک ہو جاتے ہیں۔

Word by Word
स्नायात्should bathe
स्नायात्:
Kriya (Main action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootस्ना (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
नदीषुin rivers
नदीषु:
Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootनदी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन
शुद्धासुpure
शुद्धासु:
Visheshana (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootशुद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; नदीषु-विशेषण
शौचम्purification/cleanliness
शौचम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootशौच (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; पूर्वक्रिया
यथाaccording to
यथा:
Sambandha (Manner/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपमान/प्रकार (adverb: as/according to)
विधिprescribed rule
विधि:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootविधि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; यथा-सम्बद्ध (elliptic: ‘as per the rule’)
प्रातःin the morning
प्रातः:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रातः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of time)
स्नानेनby bathing
स्नानेन:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootस्नान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन
पूयन्तेare purified
पूयन्ते:
Kriya (Main action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootपू (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद
येwho
ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; सम्बन्ध-सर्वनाम
अपिeven
अपि:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय/अपि-कार (particle: even/also)
पापकृतःsin-committers
पापकृतः:
Visheshya (Appositional descriptor/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Rootपाप (प्रातिपदिक) + कृत् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √कृ)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; ‘पापं कृतवन्तः’ इति (sin-doers)
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Proper śauca and morning bath in pure rivers purify even sinners—ritual action as a purifier when done vidhi-pūrvaka.

Vedantic Theme: Karma as antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi (preparatory purification) enabling higher knowledge and devotion.

Application: Maintain ritual cleanliness: bathe early; if possible bathe in clean natural water; otherwise emulate with clean water and right intention, following one’s tradition.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: river/ghāṭa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: ācamana, snāna, śauca as prerequisites for japa, homa, pūjā

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda

FAQs

This verse presents śauca, performed properly and supported by morning bathing in a pure river, as a key daily discipline that removes ritual impurity and helps cleanse the effects of sinful conduct.

No—this verse belongs to the conduct-focused section (Ācāra) and emphasizes preventive purification practices in life rather than punishments after death.

Maintain daily cleanliness and disciplined routine—especially a morning bath and mindful purification practices—treating them as supports for ethical living and self-restraint, not as a license to repeat wrongdoing.

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