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Shloka 43

Prāyaścitta for Food-Contact, Social Contact, Aśauca Periods, and Formal Penance Systems

Devanagari script

काकश्वानोपनी तन्तु अन्नं बाह्यन्तु तत्त्यजेत् / सुवर्णाद्भैः समभ्युक्ष्य हुताशे च प्रतापयेत्

Transliteration

kākaśvānopanī tantu annaṃ bāhyantu tattyajet / suvarṇādbhaiḥ samabhyukṣya hutāśe ca pratāpayet

Translation

کوے یا کتے کا لایا ہوا (یا چھوا ہوا) کھانا باہر پھینک دینا چاہیے۔ پھر سونے کے پانی کا چھڑکاؤ کر کے اسے مقدس آگ پر گرم کرنا چاہیے۔

Word by Word
काकcrow
काक:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकाक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (Nominative Singular)
श्वानdog
श्वान:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्वान् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (Nominative Singular)
उपनी(a kind of) cloth/covering (upani)
उपनी:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootउपनी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (Nominative Singular)
तन्तुthread
तन्तु:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतन्तु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन (Accusative Singular)
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन (Accusative Singular)
बाह्यन्तुexternal/outside (portion)
बाह्यन्तु:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootबाह्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन (Accusative Singular); विशेषण (qualifier)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha/Discourse (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थ (but/indeed)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन (Accusative Singular)
त्यजेत्should discard
त्यजेत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (3rd sg)
सुवर्णात्from gold
सुवर्णात्:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootसुवर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-एकवचन (Ablative Singular)
अद्भिःwith waters
अद्भिः:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootअप्/अद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-बहुवचन (Instrumental Plural)
समभ्युक्ष्यhaving sprinkled
समभ्युक्ष्य:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+अभि+उक्ष् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव (having sprinkled)
हुताशेin the fire
हुताशे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootहुताश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-एकवचन (Locative Singular)
चand
च:
Sambandha/Discourse (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय (conjunction)
प्रतापयेत्should heat/ignite (cause to burn)
प्रतापयेत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+तप् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (3rd sg); णिच् (causative) भावः (to cause to be heated)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Śauca: contaminated food must be discarded; what is salvageable is purified by sanctified water and agni.

Vedantic Theme: Sattva-śuddhi as support for dharma and clarity of mind (antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi).

Application: Food safety + ritual hygiene: discard visibly contaminated food; if retained, re-heat thoroughly and treat as requiring purification before consumption.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Geographic Context

Type: domestic ritual setting

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.222 (śauca/āśauca and purification rules, surrounding verses)

Characters & Entities
A
Agni
C
Crow
D
Dog

FAQs

This verse treats such contact as a cause of ritual impurity (aśauca/ucchiṣṭa-doṣa), so the proper dharmic response is to reject the food rather than offer or consume it.

In śrāddha and preta-related observances, purity of offerings is central; the verse gives a corrective procedure—discarding impure food and using sanctified water and Agni-heat as purification measures.

Maintain hygiene and ritual cleanliness in offerings: if food is clearly contaminated, do not use it for worship/ritual; replace it, and where tradition applies, purify through sanctioned means (clean water and controlled heating).

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