Shloka 41

Oṣadhi-nāma-nirdeśa: Paryāya (Synonyms) of Herbs, Minerals, and Classical Measures

Devanagari script

सुनन्दकः ककुद्भद्रं छत्राकी छत्रसंज्ञका / कबरी कुम्भको धृष्टः क्षुद्विधो धनकृत्तथा

Transliteration

sunandakaḥ kakudbhadraṃ chatrākī chatrasaṃjñakā / kabarī kumbhako dhṛṣṭaḥ kṣudvidho dhanakṛttathā

Translation

یہ ‘سُنندک’، ‘کَکُدبھدر’، ‘چھتراکی’ اور ‘چھترسنج्ञکا’ کے نام سے کہے جاتے ہیں؛ نیز ‘کبری’، ‘کُمبھک’، ‘دھِرِشٹ’، ‘خُدودھ’ اور ‘دھنکرت’ بھی (انہی کے) نام ہیں۔

Word by Word

• सुनन्दकः: Sunandaka (name)
• सुनन्दकः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुनन्दक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• ककुद्भद्रम्: Kakudbhadra (name)
• ककुद्भद्रम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ककुद् (प्रातिपदिक) + भद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (‘ककुद्-भद्र’), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• छत्राकी: Chatrākī (name)
• छत्राकी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: छत्राकी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• छत्रसंज्ञका: called ‘chatra’
• छत्रसंज्ञका: Karta (Predicate/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: छत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + संज्ञक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘छत्र-संज्ञक’ = named ‘chatra’), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• कबरी: Kabarī (name)
• कबरी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कबरी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• कुम्भकः: Kumbhaka (name)
• कुम्भकः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुम्भक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• धृष्टः: Dhṛṣṭa (bold; name/epithet)
• धृष्टः: Karta (Predicate/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धृष् (धातु) + त (कृत्) → धृष्ट (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘bold/impudent’ (as epithet)

• क्षुद्विधः: Kṣudvidha (name)
• क्षुद्विधः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षुद् (प्रातिपदिक) + विध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (अर्थ: ‘क्षुद्-विध’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• धनकृत्: Dhanakṛt (wealth-maker; name)
• धनकृत्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन (प्रातिपदिक) + कृत् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, कृ धातु)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘धनं करोति’/‘धन-कृत्’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकार-अव्यय (adverb: ‘likewise’)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (narrating names to Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Śabda-jñāna as preservation: many appellations for one referent; learning through enumeration (smaraṇa).

Vedantic Theme: Conventional language (vyavahāra) as a tool; disciplined memory and precision in knowledge transmission.

Application: Build a synonym glossary so that when encountering any of these names in recipes/ritual manuals, one can map them to the correct substance.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.204 (synonym catalog continues)

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Yamadutas
• Pretas

FAQs

What is the importance of listing such names in the Garuda Purana?

This verse functions as a catalog of specific beings/attendants described in the after-death narrative, emphasizing that Yama’s realm is portrayed as structured with distinct classes or named agents rather than as a vague abstraction.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul after death?

Indirectly: by naming the beings associated with the post-mortem administration, it supports the text’s broader depiction that the departed soul encounters designated agents (often called Yamadūtas/pretic attendants) during the journey and judgment process.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a reminder of moral accountability: the Garuda Purana frames afterlife consequences as orderly and law-governed, encouraging ethical conduct and mindful observance of śrāddha and related death-rites.