Shloka 31

Paramparā (Transmission), Rudra’s Viṣṇu-Dhyāna, and the Garuḍa Purāṇa’s Origin-Impulse

Devanagari script

अस्माकं मध्यतो रुद्र उवाच परमेश्वरम् / सारान्त्सारतरं विष्णुं पृष्टवांस्तं प्रणम्य वै

Transliteration

asmākaṃ madhyato rudra uvāca parameśvaram / sārāntsārataraṃ viṣṇuṃ pṛṣṭavāṃstaṃ praṇamya vai

Translation

ہم میں سے رُدر نے پرمیشور سے کہا۔ اس نے ساروں کے بھی سار شری وِشنو کو سجدۂ تعظیم کر کے اُن سے سوال کیا۔

Word by Word

• अस्माकम्: of us
• अस्माकम्: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun) — Genitive plural

• मध्यतः: from the middle (of)
• मध्यतः: Adhikarana (Locative sense/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक) + तस् (तद्धित-अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (ablatival adverb) — ‘from the midst’

• रुद्रः: Rudra
• रुद्रः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन — Masculine nominative singular

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/लिट्), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद — ‘said/spoke’

• परमेश्वरम्: the Supreme Lord
• परमेश्वरम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परम + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन — Masculine accusative singular

• सारान्: essences
• सारान्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), बहुवचन — Masculine accusative plural

• सारतरम्: more excellent (more essential)
• सारतरम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सार (प्रातिपदिक) + तर (तद्धित-तुलनात्मक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; तुलनात्मक (comparative) — Masculine accusative singular

• विष्णुम्: Vishnu
• विष्णुम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन — Masculine accusative singular

• पृष्टवान्: having asked
• पृष्टवान्: Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रच्छ् (धातु) → पृष्टवत् (कृत्-प्रत्यय: क्तवतुँ)
• Form: क्तवतुँ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Past active participle ‘having asked’

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; सर्वनाम — Masculine accusative singular

• प्रणम्य: having bowed (to)
• प्रणम्य: Kriya-visheshaṇa (Adverbial participle/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + नम् (धातु) → प्रणम्य (ल्यप्/क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
• Form: अव्ययभाव कृदन्त; ल्यप् (gerund) — ‘having bowed’

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (Discourse particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (निपात)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (emphatic particle)

Speaker

Narrator (Purāṇic narrative voice describing Rudra’s act of questioning Viṣṇu)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Viṣṇu as sāra-sāratara (the innermost essence) approached through praṇāma and sincere questioning.

Vedantic Theme: Brahman/Paramātman as the essence underlying all names and forms; devotion and inquiry as gateways to tattva-jñāna.

Application: Begin study and worship with humility (praṇāma) and focused questions aimed at the essential (sāra) rather than the peripheral.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: divine assembly

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.2.32-35 (continuation of the inquiry into the Supreme, worship, dharma, and avatāra)

Characters & Entities

• Rudra
• Parameśvara
• Viṣṇu

FAQs

What is the importance of calling Viṣṇu the “essence of all essences” in the Garuḍa Purāṇa?

It establishes Viṣṇu as the highest, most distilled spiritual reality—worthy of reverence and the ultimate source of dharmic and salvific instruction.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Indirectly: it frames the teaching as coming from the Supreme (Viṣṇu), implying that guidance on dharma, death-rites, and liberation is authoritative when received through humble inquiry and devotion.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Approach sacred study with humility (praṇāma) and sincere questioning; treat core spiritual principles as the “sāra” to prioritize over distractions.