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Shloka 23

Cikitsā-sāra: Doṣa Nidāna–Lakṣaṇa, Agni, Ajīrṇa/Āma Cikitsā, Daśamūla, and Prognostic Signs

Devanagari script

शीतोष्णं लवणं वीर्यमथ वा शक्तिरिष्यते / रसानां द्विविधः पाको कटुरेव च

Transliteration

śītoṣṇaṃ lavaṇaṃ vīryamatha vā śaktiriṣyate / rasānāṃ dvividhaḥ pāko kaṭureva ca

Translation

وِیریہ کو ٹھنڈا اور گرم—دو قسم کا مانا گیا ہے؛ یہی مؤثر طاقت (شکتی) ہے۔ رسوں کا وِپاک دو طرح کا ہے؛ یہاں کَٹُو (تیز) صورتِ نتیجہ بیان ہوا ہے۔

Word by Word
शीतोष्णम्cold and hot
शीतोष्णम्:
Visheshana (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootशीत (प्रातिपदिक) + उष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; समासः—द्वन्द्वः (शीतं च उष्णं च), विशेषणम् (वीर्यम्)
लवणम्saline
लवणम्:
Visheshana (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootलवण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (वीर्यम्)
वीर्यम्potency (of a substance)
वीर्यम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवीर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
अथthen; moreover
अथ:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अनुबन्ध/समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (particle: then/now/and)
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विकल्पार्थक-निपात (disjunctive particle)
शक्तिःpower; capacity
शक्तिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
इष्यतेis held to be; is accepted
इष्यते:
Kriya (Predicate action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive): ‘is considered/accepted’
रसानाम्of tastes
रसानाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootरस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन
द्विविधःtwofold
द्विविधः:
Visheshana (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि (प्रातिपदिक) + विध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (द्वौ विधौ यस्य), विशेषणम् (पाकः)
पाकःpost-digestive transformation; digestion-result
पाकः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपाक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
कटुःpungent
कटुः:
Visheshana (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootकटु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (पाकः)
एवindeed; only
एव:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारणार्थक-निपात (emphatic particle)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Virya is twofold (cooling/heating) as operative shakti; vipaka is classified as twofold, with katu as a resultant category stated here.

Vedantic Theme: Knowledge by lakshana (definition) and bheda (classification); power (shakti) inferred from effects.

Application: When selecting diet/drugs, assess heating vs cooling potency and expected post-digestive outcome; do not rely on initial taste alone for predicting systemic effect.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.168.22 (dravya as substratum); Garuda Purana 1.168.25 (assessment before treatment)

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda

FAQs

This verse defines virya primarily as twofold—cooling (śīta) and heating (uṣṇa)—and equates it with the functional power (śakti) of a substance.

It states that the post-digestive transformation of tastes is twofold, and points to pungency (kaṭu) as a noted resulting type in this formulation.

When assessing a food or herb, track not only its taste but whether it acts heating or cooling and what it tends to become after digestion, since that influences long-term balance.

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