Shloka 2

Devanagari script

नामतो विंशतिविधा बाह्यास्तत्र मलोद्भवाः / तिलप्रमाणसंस्थानवर्णाः केशाम्बराश्रयाः

Transliteration

nāmato viṃśatividhā bāhyāstatra malodbhavāḥ / tilapramāṇasaṃsthānavarṇāḥ keśāmbarāśrayāḥ

Translation

وہاں میل سے پیدا ہونے والے بیرونی کِرم نام کے اعتبار سے بیس قسم کے ہیں۔ وہ تل کے دانے کے برابر جسامت، اسی کے مطابق شکل و رنگ رکھتے ہیں اور بالوں اور کپڑوں میں پناہ لیتے ہیں۔

Word by Word

• नामतः: by name/nominally
• नामतः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb): 'by name'

• विंशतिविधाः: of twenty kinds
• विंशतिविधाः: Karta/Subject (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विंशति + विध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; संख्यापूर्वक-तत्पुरुष (twentyfold)

• बाह्याः: external
• बाह्याः: Karta/Subject (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बाह्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• तत्र: there/in that context
• तत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक (adverb of place)

• मल: filth/impurity
• मल: Sambandha/Relation (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासाङ्ग

• उद्भवाः: arising from
• उद्भवाः: Karta/Subject (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उद्भव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; (मल-उद्भव) समासार्थे विशेषण

• तिल: sesame seed
• तिल: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासाङ्ग

• प्रमाण: measure/size
• प्रमाण: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रमाण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासाङ्ग

• संस्थान: shape/form
• संस्थान: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संस्थान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासाङ्ग

• वर्णाः: colored/with color
• वर्णाः: Karta/Subject (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; बहुव्रीह्यर्थे विशेषण (having color...)

• केश: hair
• केश: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: केश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासाङ्ग

• अम्बर: garment/cloth
• अम्बर: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अम्बर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासाङ्ग

• आश्रयाः: dwelling in/resorting to
• आश्रयाः: Karta/Subject (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आश्रय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; (केश-अम्बर-आश्रय) समासार्थे विशेषण

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: External mala-born parasites are many (twenty by name), minute (sesame-sized), and inhabit hair and clothing.

Vedantic Theme: Attention to the subtle (sūkṣma) within the gross (sthūla) body-world; knowledge reduces suffering caused by ignorance of causes.

Application: Maintain hair and clothing hygiene; inspect and cleanse garments; prevent spread in communal settings.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bibhatsa

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana krimi-prakaraṇa detailing names, habitats, and symptoms of bāhya-krimi

Characters & Entities

• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of describing external parasites in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames disease and discomfort as arising from impurity, emphasizing cleanliness and disciplined living as part of dharma.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Indirectly: by highlighting bodily impurity and suffering, it supports the text’s broader theme that embodied life is fragile and should be guided by righteous conduct and purification.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Maintain personal hygiene (hair and clothing), reduce sources of contamination, and treat cleanliness as a daily ethical discipline.