Shloka 2

Arśa-nidāna: Causes, Prodrome, Doṣa-types, and Complications of Hemorrhoids

Devanagari script

अर्शांसि तस्मादुच्यन्ते गुदमार्गनिरोधनात् / दोषस्त्वङ्मांसमेदांसि सन्दूष्य विविधाकृतीन्

Transliteration

arśāṃsi tasmāducyante gudamārganirodhanāt / doṣastvaṅmāṃsamedāṃsi sandūṣya vividhākṛtīn

Translation

گُد کے راستے میں رکاوٹ ڈالنے کے سبب انہیں ‘اَرش’ کہا جاتا ہے۔ دَوش (اخلاط) جلد، گوشت اور چربی کو بگاڑ کر ان کی گوناگوں صورتیں پیدا کرتے ہیں۔

Word by Word

• अर्शांसि: piles/hemorrhoids
• अर्शांसि: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्शस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• तस्मात्: therefore/from that (cause)
• तस्मात्: Hetu/Apadana (Cause-Ablative/हेतु-पञ्चमी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन; हेत्वर्थे (ablative of cause)

• उच्यन्ते: are called
• उच्यन्ते: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive)

• गुद-मार्ग-निरोधनात्: from obstruction of the anal passage
• गुद-मार्ग-निरोधनात्: Hetu/Apadana (Cause-Ablative/हेतु-पञ्चमी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुद (प्रातिपदिक) + मार्ग (प्रातिपदिक) + निरोधन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (गुदमार्गस्य निरोधनम्) + पञ्चमी हेतौ

• दोषः: the doṣa (vitiating factor)
• दोषः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (Particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/विशेषण-अव्यय (particle: but/indeed)

• अङ्-मांस-मेदांसि: the tissues: limbs/skin, flesh, and fat
• अङ्-मांस-मेदांसि: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक) + मांस (प्रातिपदिक) + मेदस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (limbs/skin?, flesh, and fat)

• सन्दूष्य: having vitiated/corrupted
• सन्दूष्य: Purvakala-kriya (Absolutive/पूर्वकाले क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + दूष् (धातु) → सन्दूष्य (कृदन्त, त्वान्त/ल्यप्)
• Form: अव्ययभावकृदन्त (ल्यप्/त्वान्त), पूर्वकाल (having vitiated/after vitiating)

• विविध-आकृतीन्: (producing) various forms
• विविध-आकृतीन्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विविध (प्रातिपदिक) + आकृति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय (विविधाः आकृतयः = of various forms)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Mixed

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Arśas are defined by obstruction of the anal passage; doṣas vitiate skin, flesh, and fat to generate varied forms.

Vedantic Theme: Prakṛti’s doṣa dynamics shape embodied experience; suffering arises from imbalance and obstruction; knowledge restores order.

Application: Recognize obstruction and tissue involvement; seek doṣa-aware assessment; address lifestyle factors that aggravate doṣas (diet, strain, irregular routines).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: anatomical focus (guda-mārga) within teaching dialogue

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.156 (Ayurveda): subsequent verses typically classify arśas by doṣa and outline treatments (contextual continuation)

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Vishnu
• Doṣas

FAQs

What is the importance of arśas (piles) in Garuda Purana?

This verse gives a technical definition: arśas are identified by obstruction of the anal passage and are explained through doṣa-vitiation affecting skin, flesh, and fat—showing the text’s Ayurvedic diagnostic framing.

How does this verse explain the cause of the disease?

It links the condition to doṣas that corrupt bodily tissues (tvak, māṁsa, medas), resulting in multiple manifestations—indicating a humoral and tissue-based pathology rather than a single external cause.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a reminder to address illness at the level of root imbalance (doṣa and tissue health) rather than only symptoms, and to seek disciplined diet–lifestyle measures consistent with classical Ayurvedic guidance.