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Shloka 11

Kāsa-bheda: The Fivefold Classification of Cough and Its Clinical Signs

Devanagari script

कुपितः कुरुते कासं कफं तेन सशोणितम् / पीतं श्यावञ्च शुष्कञ्च ग्रथितं कुपितं बहु

Transliteration

kupitaḥ kurute kāsaṃ kaphaṃ tena saśoṇitam / pītaṃ śyāvañca śuṣkañca grathitaṃ kupitaṃ bahu

Translation

جب وہ بگڑتا ہے تو کھانسی پیدا کرتا ہے؛ اور اس سے بلغم خون آلود ہو جاتا ہے—زرد یا سیاہی مائل، خشک اور گاڑھا جما ہوا—اور مقدار میں بہت زیادہ مضطرب۔

Word by Word
कुपितःaggravated, enraged
कुपितः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootकुप् (धातु) → कुपित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying implied doṣa/agent)
कुरुतेproduces, causes
कुरुते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
कासम्cough
कासम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; कर्म (object)
कफम्phlegm
कफम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकफ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; कर्म
तेनby that, thereby
तेन:
Karana/Hetu (Instrument/Cause)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; करण/हेतु (by/thereby)
सशोणितम्mixed with blood
सशोणितम्:
Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस + शोणित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying कफम्)
पीतम्yellow
पीतम्:
Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपीत (प्रातिपदिक; पा (धातु) → पीत, क्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying कफम्)
श्यावम्dark, brownish
श्यावम्:
Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootश्याव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण
चand
च:
Samuccaya (Connector/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
शुष्कम्dry
शुष्कम्:
Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootशुष्क (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण
चand
च:
Samuccaya (Connector/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
ग्रथितम्clotted, thickened
ग्रथितम्:
Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootग्रथ् (धातु) → ग्रथित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण
कुपितम्aggravated
कुपितम्:
Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootकुप् (धातु) → कुपित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण
बहुmuch, abundant
बहु:
Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, एकवचन; परिमाण-विशेषण (quantifier)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Kapha

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Doṣa aggravation can transform secretions: kapha with rakta involvement yields discolored, thick, dry, clotted sputum—sign of severe disorder.

Vedantic Theme: Duḥkha-darśana of saṃsāra via bodily suffering; encourages detachment and timely right action.

Application: Treat as serious sign (possible bleeding/infection); seek immediate care; avoid drying/heating aggravators; follow physician-guided therapy.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bibhatsa

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.149 (symptom progression of cough/respiratory disorder with doṣa and rakta involvement)

FAQs

This verse functions as a diagnostic-style description of bodily imbalance (aggravated kapha), showing how the Purana also preserves practical markers of illness alongside spiritual instruction.

Indirectly: by detailing bodily afflictions and disturbance in the humors, it highlights the embodied condition through which karma is experienced before the soul’s post-death journey described elsewhere in the text.

Treat persistent cough or blood-tinged, dark/yellow, dry, clotted sputum as a serious warning sign—seek timely medical evaluation and adopt disciplined, sattvic habits that reduce aggravation and excess.

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