Shloka 10

Roganidāna: Definitions, Fivefold Diagnostic Method, and Doṣa-wise Causes

Devanagari script

संख्याविकल्पप्राधान्यबलकालविशेषतः / सा भिद्यते यथात्रैव वक्ष्यन्ते ऽष्टौ ज्वरा इति

Transliteration

saṃkhyāvikalpaprādhānyabalakālaviśeṣataḥ / sā bhidyate yathātraiva vakṣyante 'ṣṭau jvarā iti

Translation

تعداد، تنوع، غلبہ، قوت اور وقت کی خصوصیت کے سبب وہ حالت مختلف اقسام میں منقسم ہو جاتی ہے؛ اسی طرح یہاں آگے ‘بخار کی آٹھ قسمیں’ بیان کی جائیں گی۔

Word by Word

• saṃkhyā-vikalpa-prādhānya-bala-kāla-viśeṣataḥ: due to distinctions of number, variation, predominance, strength, and time
• saṃkhyā-vikalpa-prādhānya-bala-kāla-viśeṣataḥ: Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saṃkhyā (प्रातिपदिक) + vikalpa (प्रातिपदिक) + prādhānya (प्रातिपदिक) + bala (प्रातिपदिक) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक) + viśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + tas (तस्-प्रत्यय; अव्ययीभावार्थ)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास (adverbial): ‘...-विशेषतः’ = ‘विशेषेण/विशेषात्’ (on account of distinctions in number, alternatives, predominance, strength, time)

• sā: it/that (classification)
• sā: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• bhidyate: is divided/differs
• bhidyate: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhid (भिद् धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• yathā: as
• yathā: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb: ‘as/accordingly’)

• atra: here
• atra: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle/emphasis)

• vakṣyante: will be stated
• vakṣyante: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (वच् धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन

• aṣṭau: eight
• aṣṭau: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aṣṭan (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; संख्यावाचक विशेषणम् ‘ज्वराः’

• jvarāḥ: fevers
• jvarāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण/इति-प्रयोग (quotative particle)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Differentiation of a condition by number, variants, predominance, strength, and time; introduction to the eightfold classification of jvara (fever).

Vedantic Theme: Order and intelligibility within prakṛti; classification as a means to right action (yathārtha-jñāna leading to upāya).

Application: When assessing illness, classify by severity (bala), timing/course (kāla), dominant factors, and variant features to choose appropriate treatment.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.146.9 (samprapti); Garuda Purana 1.146 (forthcoming section on aṣṭau jvarāḥ)

FAQs

What is the importance of jvara (fever) classification in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames fever as a condition that must be distinguished by key diagnostic factors—number, variation, predominance, strength, and time—before its specific types (eight jvaras) are taught.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not address the soul’s journey directly; instead, it introduces a systematic method for differentiating bodily ailments, indicating the text’s broader concern with embodied life and its conditions.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use a structured approach to illness: observe severity (bala), timing/season (kāla), and dominant symptoms (prādhānya) before deciding on remedies or seeking appropriate medical guidance.