Shloka 19

Budhāṣṭamī / Mahārudra Vrata: Procedure, Mantra, and the Story of Kauśika and Vijayā

Devanagari script

यमो ऽपि विजयामाह गृहस्था भव मे पुरे / नोद्धाटयान्यत्रगते यमे सा न तथाकरोत् / अपश्यन्मातरं स्वां सा पाशयातनया स्थिताम्

Transliteration

yamo 'pi vijayāmāha gṛhasthā bhava me pure / noddhāṭayānyatragate yame sā na tathākarot / apaśyanmātaraṃ svāṃ sā pāśayātanayā sthitām

Translation

یَم نے وجیا سے کہا—“میرے شہر میں گِرہستھ بن کر رہو؛ جب یَم کہیں اور جائے تو کسی کو باہر نہ نکالنا۔” اس نے ویسا نہ کیا؛ پھر اس نے اپنی ماں کو پاش میں بندھی، عذاب میں کھڑی دیکھا۔

Word by Word

• यमः: Yama
• यमः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-कार (particle: also/even)

• विजयाम्: Vijayā (name)
• विजयाम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विजया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• आह: said
• आह: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह्/आह (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• गृहस्था: a householder (woman)
• गृहस्था: Vidhana (Predicate/विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृहस्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बोधनार्थे विधेय (as predicate)

• भव: become/be
• भव: Kriya (Command/आज्ञा)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• मे: my
• मे: Sambandha (Possessor/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• पुरे: in the city
• पुरे: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात (negation)

• उद्धाटय: open/unbolt
• उद्धाटय: Kriya (Prohibition/आज्ञा-निषेध)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद् + √घट्/घाट् (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; causative sense ‘to open/unbolt’ (उद्धाटय)

• अन्यत्रगते: when (he is) gone elsewhere
• अन्यत्रगते: Adhikarana (Condition locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्यत्र + गत (प्रातिपदिक; √गम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—अव्ययीभाव (अन्यत्र गतः)

• यमे: when Yama (is away)/in Yama's absence
• यमे: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• सा: she
• सा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात

• तथा: thus/so
• तथा: Kriya-vishesana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: रीत्यर्थक-अव्यय (adverb: thus/so)

• अकरोत्: did
• अकरोत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• अपश्यत्: saw
• अपश्यत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• मातरम्: mother
• मातरम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• स्वाम्: her own
• स्वाम्: Karma (Qualifier of object/कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘मातरम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषण

• सा: she
• सा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• पाशयातनया: by the torment of bonds/nooses
• पाशयातनया: Karana (Instrument/means/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाश + यातना (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (पाशस्य यातना)

• स्थिताम्: standing/placed (there)
• स्थिताम्: Karma (Qualifier of object/कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘मातरम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषण

Speaker

Narrator within the Garuda Purana dialogue (told by Lord Vishnu to Garuda)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Yamaloka Journey

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Obedience to dharmic injunction (ājñā) in the domain of Yama; transgression leads to immediate confrontation with suffering born of karma.

Vedantic Theme: Law of karma as impersonal yet administered through dharma-devatā; ignorance/heedlessness (pramāda) yields bondage (pāśa).

Application: Respect ethical boundaries and entrusted responsibilities; do not misuse authority in another’s absence; cultivate vigilance against pramāda.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Geographic Context

Type: city

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: Yama’s city, pāśa imagery, and the mechanics of punishment/constraint; Garuda Purana: admonitions about pramāda and adharmic acts leading to yātanā

Characters & Entities

• Yama
• Vijaya

FAQs

What is the importance of Yama’s instruction in this Garuda Purana verse?

It highlights that even in Yama’s realm there is a strict code of conduct, and disobedience to dharma-like injunctions leads to immediate karmic consequences.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul after death?

By placing the scene in Yama’s city and showing bondage and torment (pāśa-yātanā), it reflects the Garuda Purana theme that post-death experiences mirror one’s actions and the moral order governing the afterlife.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Follow rightful instructions and ethical boundaries; negligence and misuse of authority can rebound as suffering—this verse frames that principle through the imagery of Yama’s law and its enforcement.