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Shloka 16

Śivarātri Vrata: Timing, Accidental Merit, and the Complete Night-Vigil Procedure

Devanagari script

अर्धरात्रे त्रियामे च चतुर्थे च पुनयर्जत् / मूलमन्त्रं तथा जप्त्वा प्रभाते तु क्षमापयेत्

Transliteration

ardharātre triyāme ca caturthe ca punayarjat / mūlamantraṃ tathā japtvā prabhāte tu kṣamāpayet

Translation

نصف شب، تیسرے پہر اور چوتھے پہر میں بھی دوبارہ پوجا کرے۔ اسی طرح مول منتر کا جپ کرکے صبح کے وقت کوتاہیوں پر معافی طلب کرے۔

Word by Word
अर्धरात्रेat midnight
अर्धरात्रे:
Adhikarana (Location/Time)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्धरात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः ‘अर्धं रात्रेः’
त्रियामेin the third watch of the night
त्रियामे:
Adhikarana (Location/Time)
TypeNoun
Rootत्रियाम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-निपात (conjunction)
चतुर्थेin the fourth (watch)
चतुर्थे:
Adhikarana (Location/Time)
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (watch implied), सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-निपात (conjunction)
पुनःagain
पुनः:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः (अव्यय)
Formकाल/पुनरावृत्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (adverb: again)
यर्जत्worship/perform sacrifice
यर्जत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootयज् (धातु)
Formलोट् (imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; पाठभेद-संभावना: ‘यजेत्/यर्जेत्’ (optative)
मूलमन्त्रम्the root-mantra
मूलमन्त्रम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमूल + मन्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः ‘मूलः मन्त्रः’
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: thus/likewise)
जप्त्वाhaving recited
जप्त्वा:
Purvakala (Prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootजप् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive/gerund), ‘having recited’
प्रभातेin the morning
प्रभाते:
Adhikarana (Location/Time)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन
तुthen/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/विशेषार्थक-निपात (particle: but/indeed)
क्षमापयेत्should seek forgiveness / propitiate
क्षमापयेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootक्षम् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative): ‘cause to forgive’ = ‘seek forgiveness’
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda / Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Vrata requires temporal discipline (night watches), mantra-japa, and humility through seeking forgiveness for lapses.

Vedantic Theme: Antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi through niyama and kṣamā; surrender of doership by acknowledging imperfection.

Application: Structure observances with clear time-points; maintain mantra repetition; end with a formal apology/prāyaścitta-like kṣamā to address omissions.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: ritual vigil setting (home/temple)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana vrata/ācāra passages: emphasis on niśā-jāgaraṇa, mantra-japa, and kṣamā at completion

FAQs

This verse instructs that after repeated worship and mūlamantra-japa through the night, one should ask forgiveness at dawn for any ritual lapses, emphasizing humility and completion of the rite.

Indirectly, it highlights disciplined mantra-based observance and ritual correctness—practices the Garuda Purana frequently links with dharmic merit and spiritual preparedness, including in death-related contexts.

If you do any mantra, vrata, or puja, maintain regularity, repeat the core mantra with focus, and conclude with a sincere request for forgiveness for mistakes—supporting ethical, attentive practice.

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