Shloka 32

Characteristics of the King and His Servants

Rāja-dharma, Nīti, and Ethical Revenue

Devanagari script

उद्योगः साहसंधैर्यं बुद्धिः शक्तिः पराक्रमः / षड्विधो यस्य उत्साहस्तस्य देवो ऽपि शङ्कते

Transliteration

udyogaḥ sāhasaṃdhairyaṃ buddhiḥ śaktiḥ parākramaḥ / ṣaḍvidho yasya utsāhastasya devo 'pi śaṅkate

Translation

جس کا جوش چھ طرح کا ہو—کوشش، جرأت، ثابت قدمی، عقل، قوت اور شجاعت—اس سے تو دیوتا بھی اندیشہ کرتے ہیں۔

Word by Word

• उद्योगः: effort/enterprise
• उद्योगः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उद्योग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular

• साहसंधैर्यम्: boldness and steadiness
• साहसंधैर्यम्: Karta (Listed item/कर्ता-समुच्चय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: साहस + धैर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative/accusative singular; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (‘साहसं च धैर्यं च’)

• बुद्धिः: intelligence
• बुद्धिः: Karta (Listed item/कर्ता-समुच्चय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular

• शक्तिः: power
• शक्तिः: Karta (Listed item/कर्ता-समुच्चय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular

• पराक्रमः: valor/prowess
• पराक्रमः: Karta (Listed item/कर्ता-समुच्चय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पराक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular

• षड्विधः: sixfold
• षड्विधः: Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: षट् + विध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular; संख्यापूर्वक-समास (द्विगु) ‘षड्विधः’ = sixfold; विशेषण (qualifying ‘उत्साहः’)

• यस्य: whose
• यस्य: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन; genitive singular; relative pronoun

• उत्साहः: enthusiasm
• उत्साहः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत्साह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (कर्ता), एकवचन; nominative singular

• तस्य: of him/of that person
• तस्य: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन; genitive singular

• देवः: a god/fate (divine power)
• देवः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (कर्ता), एकवचन; nominative singular

• अपि: even
• अपि: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: सम्भावन/समुच्चय-अव्यय; particle ‘even/also’

• शङ्कते: fears/hesitates
• शङ्कते: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शङ्क् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: षड्विध-उत्साहः (उद्योग, साहस, धैर्य, बुद्धि, शक्ति, पराक्रम) सिद्ध्युपायः; दृढसंकल्पस्य प्रभावः।

Vedantic Theme: स्वधर्मे स्थितः कर्मयोगी—सत्त्व-प्रवृद्धिः; ईश्वरव्यवस्था within which human excellence operates

Application: Cultivate a balanced competency stack: initiative + courage + perseverance + strategy + capacity + execution; train each explicitly (planning, skill-building, resilience).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: ethical-heroic ideal (non-specific)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana rājadharma/ācāra: उत्साह, पराक्रम, बुद्धि as royal virtues (general parallel)

Characters & Entities

• Devas

FAQs

What is the importance of sixfold zeal (ṣaḍvidha utsāha) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse presents zeal as a complete set of virtues—effort, courage, perseverance, discernment, strength, and valor—showing that sustained righteous capability becomes so formidable that even the gods are said to be wary of it.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul in the Garuda Purana?

Indirectly, it emphasizes that purposeful effort and inner strength are essential for dharmic living; such qualities support a life of right action (karma) that shapes one’s post-death destiny discussed elsewhere in the text.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Cultivate disciplined effort with courage and patience, guided by clear judgment—then apply your strength and bravery to dharmic goals rather than impulsive or harmful aims.