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Shloka 19

Nīti-Upadeśa: Discernment, Proper Use of Resources, and Social Strategy

Devanagari script

सकृद्दुष्टञ्च यो मित्रं पुनः सन्धातुमिच्छति / स मृत्युमेव गृह्णीयाद्गर्भमश्वतरी यथा

Transliteration

sakṛdduṣṭañca yo mitraṃ punaḥ sandhātumicchati / sa mṛtyumeva gṛhṇīyādgarbhamaśvatarī yathā

Translation

جو شخص ایک بار بدخو ہو چکے دوست سے پھر صلح کرنا چاہے، وہ گویا موت ہی کو گلے لگاتا ہے—جیسے اشوترى (خچرنی) حمل ٹھہرا لے۔

Word by Word
सकृत्once
सकृत्:
Kala (Temporal adverb)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसकृत् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb: once)
दुष्टम्wicked/treacherous
दुष्टम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्ट (कृदन्त; दुष् धातु, क्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन (मित्रम् इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-निपात (and)
यःwho
यः:
Karta (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (relative pronoun)
मित्रम्friend
मित्रम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन
पुनःagain
पुनः:
Kala/Prakara (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb: again)
सन्धातुम्to reconcile
सन्धातुम्:
Prayojana (Purpose)
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+धा (धातु)
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive); कर्तरि (to reconcile/join)
इच्छतिwants
इच्छति:
Kriya (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
सःhe
सः:
Karta (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन
मृत्युम्death
मृत्युम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन
एवonly
एव:
Sambandha (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-निपात (only/indeed)
गृह्णीयात्should take/accept
गृह्णीयात्:
Kriya (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
गर्भम्embryo
गर्भम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootगर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन
अश्वतरीa mule (female)
अश्वतरी:
Karta (Subject, in simile)
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वतरी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन
यथाas
यथा:
Sambandha (Simile marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (upamā: 'as/like')
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Do not rebind with a once-wicked friend; repeated alliance with proven malice leads to ruin—like a sterile/unnatural conception metaphor signaling fatal consequence.

Vedantic Theme: Viveka in sangati (association): asat-sanga as a cause of downfall; karma unfolds through chosen relationships.

Application: Set firm boundaries; do not re-enter harmful relationships without clear transformation and safeguards; prioritize safety and discernment.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.110 (niti on avoiding the wicked, consequences of bad friendship)

FAQs

This verse warns that restoring close ties with someone proven wicked can be self-destructive; dharma includes prudent discrimination (viveka) in whom one trusts.

Indirectly, it reinforces dharmic conduct: avoiding harmful associations prevents actions and entanglements that can lead to suffering and adverse karmic outcomes discussed elsewhere in the text.

Forgive internally if needed, but set firm boundaries—do not re-enter intimate trust with someone who has demonstrated repeated malice or betrayal.

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