Shloka 12

Varṇāśrama-ācāra, Aśauca (Sūtaka) Regulations, and Prāyaścitta with Funeral-Rite Notes

पञ्चदशाहाद्वैश्यस्तु शूद्रो मासेन शुध्यति / एकपिण्डास्तु दायादाः पृथग्द्वारनिकेतनाः

pañcadaśāhādvaiśyastu śūdro māsena śudhyati / ekapiṇḍāstu dāyādāḥ pṛthagdvāraniketanāḥ

ویشیہ پندرہ دن میں پاک ہوتا ہے اور شودر ایک ماہ میں پاک ہوتا ہے۔ جو دایاد ایک ہی پِنڈ کے شریک ہوں، وہ جدا جدا دروازوں والے جدا گھروں میں رہیں تب بھی شریکِ وراثت ہی رہتے ہیں۔

pañcadaśāhātfrom fifteen days
pañcadaśāhāt:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootpañcadaśa + ahan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (पञ्चदश + अहः)
vaiśyaḥa Vaiśya
vaiśyaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvaiśya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थे
śūdraḥa Śūdra
śūdraḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन
māsenaby/within a month
māsena:
Karana (Instrument/means/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootmāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन
śudhyatibecomes purified
śudhyati:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootśudh (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
ekapiṇḍāḥsharing one piṇḍa (funeral offering)
ekapiṇḍāḥ:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rooteka + piṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय-समासः (एकः पिण्डः येषाम्)
tuindeed
tu:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), विशेषार्थे
dāyādāḥheirs/kinsmen
dāyādāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdāyāda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन
pṛthakseparately
pṛthak:
Visheshana (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpṛthak (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
dvāra-niketanāḥhaving separate door-houses/entrances (living separately)
dvāra-niketanāḥ:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvāra + niketana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (द्वारस्य निकेतनम्)

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Post-death śauca period; kinship definition for ongoing śrāddha eligibility/obligation.

Concept: Shauca (ritual purity) periods vary by varna; sapinda/eka-pinda relation defines continuing co-heir status beyond physical separation.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma as social-ritual order (loka-sangraha) that stabilizes family continuity and rites for ancestors.

Application: Observe prescribed purification periods after death; treat eka-pinda heirs as ritually connected for obligations (shraddha, inheritance) even if living separately.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Type: household/settlement

Related Themes: Garuda Purana, Pretakalpa/Dharmakanda sections on sūtaka, śauca, and sapinda rules (adjacent verses 1.107.13–16)

FAQs

This verse states fixed time-frames for ending death-impurity for different social groups, indicating when ritual purity is restored and normal religious duties can resume.

It links heirship to the ‘eka-piṇḍa’ relationship—those who share a common funeral oblation line remain recognized as heirs even if they live in separate households.

Follow the culturally appropriate mourning/purification observances for one’s community, and understand that core family duties—especially funeral rites and inheritance responsibilities—may remain binding despite living separately.