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Shloka 3

King Vena’s Tyranny, the Sages’ Counsel, and the Birth of Niṣāda

श्रुत्वा नृपासनगतं वेनमत्युग्रशासनम् । निलिल्युर्दस्यव: सद्य: सर्पत्रस्ता इवाखव: ॥ ३ ॥

śrutvā nṛpāsana-gataṁ venam atyugra-śāsanam nililyur dasyavaḥ sadyaḥ sarpa-trastā ivākhavaḥ

وین کے نہایت سخت اور ظالم حکمراں ہونے کی خبر پہلے ہی مشہور تھی؛ چنانچہ جیسے ہی چوروں اور بدکاروں نے سنا کہ وہ تخت پر بیٹھ گیا ہے، وہ فوراً خوف زدہ ہو گئے۔ وہ ادھر اُدھر چھپ گئے، جیسے سانپ سے ڈرے ہوئے چوہے چھپتے ہیں۔

śrutvāhaving heard
śrutvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Root√śru (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्) from √śru; ‘having heard’
nṛpāsana-gatamseated on the royal throne
nṛpāsana-gatam:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnṛpa (प्रातिपदिक) + āsana (प्रातिपदिक) + √gam (धातु) → gata (कृदन्त)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘gone to the royal seat/throne’; Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; qualifying ‘venam’
venamVena
venam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvena (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
ati-ugra-śāsanamof extremely harsh rule
ati-ugra-śāsanam:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootati (अव्यय/उपसर्ग) + ugra (प्रातिपदिक) + śāsana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘very-fierce in rule/command’; Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; qualifying ‘venam’
nililyuḥthey hid/vanished
nililyuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootni-√lī (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural; parasmaipada; ‘they hid/vanished’
dasyavaḥrobbers/bandits
dasyavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdasyu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
sadyaḥimmediately
sadyaḥ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsadyaḥ (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय) ‘immediately’
sarpa-trastāḥterrified by a snake
sarpa-trastāḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarpa (प्रातिपदिक) + trasta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘frightened by a snake’; Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; qualifying ‘dasyavaḥ’
ivalike
iva:
Upamāna-dyotaka (उपमानद्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable particle (उपमा-वाचक) ‘like/as’
ākhavaḥmice/rats
ākhavaḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootākhu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural

When the government is very weak, rogues and thieves flourish. Similarly, when the government is very strong, all the thieves and rogues disappear or hide themselves. Of course Vena was not a very good king, but he was known to be cruel and severe. Thus the state at least became freed from thieves and rogues.

K
King Vena

FAQs

This verse shows that Vena’s excessively severe rule created fear; even criminals immediately hid, illustrating the social impact of tyrannical governance.

The comparison emphasizes instant, instinctive fear—just as mice vanish at the presence of a snake, wrongdoers disappeared as soon as they heard of Vena’s harsh punishment.

Power can produce quick outward compliance through fear, but Bhagavatam’s broader teaching encourages leadership grounded in dharma and virtue, not merely intimidation.