Mantra 1

Sukta 10

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

शत्रुनाशनम्। उत् तिष्ठत सं नह्यध्वमुदाराः केतुभिः सह। सर्पा इतरजना रक्षांस्यमित्राननु धावत

IAST Transliteration

śatrunā́śanam | út tiṣṭhata sáṁ nahyadhvam udā́rāḥ ketúbhiḥ sahá | sárpā itárajanā rákṣāṁsy amítrān ánu dhāvata ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

For the destruction of the foe: Stand up; bind ye on together, conspicuous, with your banners. Ye serpents, ye other folk—chase after the demons, chase after the foes.

Word by Word

• शत्रुनाशनम्: enemy-destruction; a charm for destroying enemies
• शत्रुनाशनम्: Karma (implied: ‘(this is) enemy-destruction’ / object of implied utterance)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: शत्रु-नाशन (प्रातिपदिक; नाशन < √नश्/नश् ‘नाशे’/‘to destroy’ as action-noun)

• उत्: up; forth (as verbal prefix)
• उत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (prefix/preverb)
• Root: उत् (उपसर्ग)

• तिष्ठत: stand up; arise
• तिष्ठत: (imperative to) Kartā (you all as agents)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्था (तिष्ठति)

• सं: together; completely (as verbal prefix)
• सं: —
• Type: Indeclinable (prefix/preverb)
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग)

• नह्य: bind; fasten
• नह्य: (imperative to) Kartā (you all as agents)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नह् (नह्यति/नह्यते ‘to bind, fasten’)

• अध्वम्: the path; the way
• अध्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• उदाराः: noble ones; generous/brave ones
• उदाराः: Kartā (vocative sense in address) / Kartā (as subject of implied action)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: उदार (प्रातिपदिक)

• केतुभिः: with banners/signs; with signals
• केतुभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: केतु (प्रातिपदिक)

• सह: together with
• सह: — (associative marker with instrumental)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)

• सर्पाः: serpents
• सर्पाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्प (प्रातिपदिक)

• इतरजनाः: other folk/creatures; outsiders
• इतरजनाः: Kartā (in apposition to सर्पाः)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: इतर-जन (समास; प्रातिपदिक)

• रक्षांसि: demons; harmful spirits
• रक्षांसि: Kartā (with सर्पाः… as a coordinated subject) / or Karma depending on construal
• Type: Noun
• Root: रक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अमित्रान्: enemies
• अमित्रान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अनु: after; along (as verbal prefix)
• अनु: —
• Type: Indeclinable (prefix/preverb)
• Root: अनु (उपसर्ग)

• धावत: run; chase
• धावत: Kriyā (predicate); Kartā = सर्पाः/इतरजनाः/रक्षांसि
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धाव् (धावति ‘to run’)

Attribution

Rishi: To be verified (Anukramaṇī for 11.10.1)

Devata: Serpents and allied ‘other folk’ as agents; foes/rakṣas as adversarial objects

Chandas: To be verified

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"raudra","secondary_rasa":"vira","emotional_arc":"Mobilize → display power → pursue/expel.","listener_experience":"Fierce confidence, heightened vigilance, cathartic ‘clearing’ of threat.","intensity":8}