Sutra 3

Devanagari script

आन्वीक्षिकी त्रयी वार्त्तानां योगक्षेमसाधनो दण्डः तस्य नीतिर्दण्ड नीतिः अलब्धलाभार्था लब्धपरिरक्षणी रक्षितविवर्धनी वृद्धस्य तीर्थे प्रतिपादनी च ॥ कZ_०१.४.०३ ॥

Transliteration

ānvīkṣikī trayī vārttānāṃ yogakṣemasādhano daṇḍaḥ tasya nītir daṇḍa-nītiḥ alabdhalābhārthā labdha-parirakṣaṇī rakṣita-vivardhanī vṛddhasya tīrthe pratipādanī ca

Translation

آنویक्षिकी، تریی اور وارتّا—ان علوم/معاشی سرگرمیوں کے یوگکشیم (فلاح و تحفظ) کو قائم رکھنے والی ریاست کی دَण्ड-شکتی (دَण्ड) ہے۔ اس کی روش ‘دَण्डنیتی’ ہے: جو غیر حاصل شدہ کو حاصل کراتی ہے، حاصل شدہ کی حفاظت کرتی ہے، محفوظ شدہ کو بڑھاتی ہے، اور پختہ/بالغ (جمع شدہ قوت/دولت) کو ‘تیرتھ’ (مناسب منصب/ادارتی مرکز) میں قائم کرتی ہے۔

Word by Word

आन्वीक्षिकीthe science of inquiry (logic/philosophy)

त्रयीthe triad (the three Vedas / Vedic learning)

वार्त्तानाम्of vārttā (economics: agriculture, cattle-rearing, trade)

योगक्षेमसाधनःthe means of acquisition and security (welfare)

दण्डःthe rod; punishment/royal authority

तस्यof that (of it)

नीतिःpolicy; governance

दण्डनीतिःthe policy/science of punishment (statecraft)

अलब्धलाभार्थाaimed at gaining what has not yet been gained

लब्धपरिरक्षणीprotecting what has been gained

रक्षितविवर्धनीincreasing what has been protected

वृद्धस्यof what has grown/been augmented

तीर्थेin the ‘tīrthas’ (state offices/high officials)

प्रतिपादनीto be assigned/established (i.e., providing for proper placement)

चand

Entities Mentioned

daṇḍa (coercive authority)

daṇḍanīti (policy of enforcement)

ānvīkṣikī

trayī

vārttā

tīrtha (offices)

FAQs

What is the administrative intent behind defining daṇḍanīti in four functions?

It frames governance as a continuous cycle: acquire resources/advantages, secure them, expand them, and then routinize them through offices so gains become durable institutions rather than personal fortunes.

Why are ānvīkṣikī, trayī, and vārttā said to depend on daṇḍa for yogakṣema?

Because knowledge, norms, and the economy require enforceable order—without coercive authority, contracts, property, and social compliance become unstable.