Sutra 22

Devanagari script

तेषां ग्रहणहिंसायां द्वादशपणो दण्डः शुनामनिग्रहे चान्यत्रारण्यचरेभ्यः ॥ कZ_०४.३.२२ ॥

Transliteration

teṣāṃ grahaṇahiṃsāyāṃ dvādaśapaṇo daṇḍaḥ śunāmanigrahe cānyatrāraṇyacarebhyaḥ

Translation

ان (بلیوں اور نیولوں) کو پکڑنے یا نقصان پہنچانے پر بارہ پن کا جرمانہ ہے؛ اور کتوں کو قابو میں نہ رکھنے پر بھی—سوائے اُن کتوں کے جو جنگل میں گھومتے ہوں۔

Word by Word

• तेषाम्: of them (of those)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (Gen. pl.), पुं./नपुं. (contextual)

• ग्रहण-हिंसायाम्: in (the case of) their seizure/impounding and injury
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्रहण (√ग्रह्) + हिंसा (√हिंस्)
• Form: सप्तमी-एकवचनम् (Loc. sg.), स्त्रीलिङ्गम्; ‘ग्रहणस्य हिंसा’ = seizure/impounding and injury (as a combined head)

• द्वादश-पणः: a fine of twelve paṇas
• Type: Noun (numeral compound)
• Root: द्वादश + पण
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nom. sg.), पुंलिङ्गम्; ‘द्वादश पणाः’ (value) used as a single fine-amount expression

• दण्डः: the penalty (fine)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nom. sg.), पुंलिङ्गम्

• शुनाम्: of dogs
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्वन्
• Form: षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (Gen. pl.), पुंलिङ्गम्

• अनिग्रहे: in (the case of) non-restraint (not controlling)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनिग्रह (a- + निग्रह)
• Form: सप्तमी-एकवचनम् (Loc. sg.), पुंलिङ्गम्; ‘निग्रह’ = restraint/control; ‘अनिग्रह’ = non-restraint

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्

• अन्यत्र: except (elsewhere than)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्यत्र
• Form: अपवाद/व्यतिरेकार्थक-अव्ययम्

• आरण्य-चरेभ्यः: from (i.e., except) those that roam in the forest
• Type: Noun (agentive)
• Root: आरण्य (अरण्य) + चर (√चर्)
• Form: पञ्चमी-बहुवचनम् (Abl. pl.) (also could function as तृतीया/चतुर्थी in form -भ्यः, but ‘अन्यत्र … -भ्यः’ favors Abl.), पुंलिङ्गम्; ‘आरण्यचर’ = forest-roamer

Entities Mentioned

• cats
• mongooses
• dogs
• state treasury (fines)

More Details

FAQs

Why penalize harming cats/mongooses?

They are state-valuable pest-control assets; protecting them safeguards grain stores and agriculture.

What is the administrative significance of the exception for forest-roaming dogs?

Rules are context-sensitive; enforcement differentiates between controlled settlements and wilderness conditions.