Sutra 8

Devanagari script

समाहर्तृप्रदिष्टाश्च गृहपतिकव्यञ्जना येषु ग्रामेषु प्रणिहितास्तेषां ग्रामाणां क्षेत्रगृहकुलाग्रं विद्युः मानसंजाताभ्यां क्षेत्राणि भोगपरिहाराभ्यां गृहाणि वर्णकर्मभ्यां कुलानि च ॥ कZ_०२.३५.०८ ॥

Transliteration

samāhartṛpradiṣṭāś ca gṛhapatika-vyañjanā yeṣu grāmeṣu praṇihitās teṣāṃ grāmāṇāṃ kṣetra-gṛha-kulāgraṃ vidyuḥ; māna-saṃjātābhyāṃ kṣetrāṇi, bhoga-parihārābhyāṃ gṛhāṇi, varṇa-karmabhyāṃ kulāni ca

Translation

سمہارتṛ کے حکم کے مطابق جو کارندے دیہات میں گھر کے مالک اور تاجر کے بھیس میں مقرر کیے گئے ہوں، وہ ان دیہات کے کھیتوں، گھروں اور خاندانوں/کُلوں کی مجموعی تعداد جانیں—کھیت پیمائش اور پیداوار سے، گھر رہائش/استعمال اور چھوٹ/معافی سے، اور خاندان سماجی درجے (ورن) اور پیشے/کرم سے۔

Word by Word

• समाहर्तृ-प्रदिष्टाः: (those) instructed/appointed by the Samāhartṛ
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: प्र-√दिश्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त) ‘प्रदिष्ट’ = instructed/assigned; समाहर्तृ- (gen. relation)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• गृहपति-क-व्यञ्जनाः: bearing the credentials/marks of the village householders (headmen)
• Type: Noun (adjectival)
• Root: √व्यञ्ज् (व्यञ्जना)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; ‘व्यञ्जन’ = mark/indicator; ‘गृहपति-क’ = connected with/pertaining to householders (village heads)

• ये: who/which (persons)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक (relative pronoun)

• षु: in (locative plural ending)
• Type: Case-ending segment
• Root: (enclitic of locative plural)
• Form: ‘ग्रामेषु’ इत्यस्य विभक्त्यन्त-अवयवः (सप्तमी-बहुवचन)

• ग्रामेषु: in the villages
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-बहुवचन

• प्रणिहिताः: posted/assigned
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: प्र-√धा (निहित) / √हिता (as ‘placed’)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त) ‘प्रणिहित’ = posted/placed/assigned

• तेषाम्: of them
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-बहुवचन

• ग्रामाणाम्: of the villages
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-बहुवचन

• क्षेत्र-गृह-कुल-अग्रम्: the complete particulars/aggregate of fields, houses, and families
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्र
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; ‘अग्रम्’ = foremost/total/summary; members: क्षेत्र, गृह, कुल

• विद्युः: they should know/ascertain
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विद् (to know)
• Form: लोट्/विधिलिङ्?; परस्मैपद; 3rd person plural; injunctional sense ‘they should know/ascertain’ (contextual optative/imperative)

• मान-संजाताभ्याम्: by (data) derived from measurement/assessment
• Type: Noun/Adjective (compound)
• Root: संजात
• Form: नपुंसक/पुं?; तृतीया-द्विवचन; ‘मान’ (measurement/assessment) + ‘संजात’ (arisen/derived) = ‘arising from measurement/assessment’

• क्षेत्राणि: fields
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षेत्र
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचन

• भोग-परिहाराभ्याम्: by (records of) occupancy/enjoyment and exemptions/remissions
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: परिहार
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-द्विवचन; भोग + परिहार

• गृहाणि: houses
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृह
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचन

• वर्ण-कर्मभ्याम्: by (their) social category and occupation
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: कर्मन्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया-द्विवचन; वर्ण + कर्म

• कुलानि: families/households
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुल
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचन

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

Entities Mentioned

• samāhartṛ (Collector-General)
• planted agents (praṇihita)
• villages
• householders and traders (cover identities)

More Details

FAQs

Why measure fields by both māna (area) and saṃjāta (yield)?

Area alone can be manipulated; yield cross-validates productivity and helps detect underreporting, crop concealment, or fraudulent classification.

Why track houses by bhoga and parihāra?

Occupancy/use reveals real economic status, while exemptions/remissions are common leakage points; pairing them enables audit of privilege claims.