Sutra 18

Devanagari script

अपरुद्धादानं पारग्रामिकं वा योगमातिष्ठेत् ॥ कZ_०९.३.१८ ॥

Transliteration

aparuddhādānaṃ pāragrāmikaṃ vā yogam ātiṣṭhet

Translation

اسے ایسی تدبیر (یوگ) اختیار کرنی چاہیے جس میں (i) جو دینا ہو اسے روک کر/ضبط کر کے رکھا جائے، یا (ii) دوسرے گاؤں/برادری کے بیرونی افراد (پارگرامک) کے ذریعے کارروائی کی جائے۔

Word by Word

• अपरुद्ध-आदानम्: seizure/collection (of goods/wealth) from one who has been blockaded/confined
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपरुध् (उपसर्ग: अप) ; √दा (आ + दा)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; ‘अपरुद्धस्य (शत्रोः) आदानम्’ इति विग्रहः

• पारग्रामिकम्: (an operation/levy) in the enemy’s village/foreign village
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: पार + ग्राम (ग्राम)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; ‘परग्रामसम्बन्धि/परग्रामे भवम्’ इत्यर्थे

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय (either/or)

• योगम्: a stratagem/measure/expedient
• Type: Noun
• Root: √युज् (युज्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘योग’ = उपाय/युक्ति/संयोग-रूपः उपायः

• आतिष्ठेत्: should undertake / should employ
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + √स्था
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘आ-स्था’ = आरभेत/अनुष्ठेयात्/आश्रयेत्

Entities Mentioned

• king/state (implicit)
• external local agents (pāragrāmika)

More Details

FAQs

What is the administrative intent of using 'aparuddhādāna' in a stratagem?

To apply controlled economic pressure—by withholding dues or supplies—to compel compliance or expose disloyalty without immediate overt force.

Why use 'pāragrāmika' agents?

Outsiders reduce local collusion and can operate with plausible deniability, helping penetrate local networks or apply pressure without inflaming local solidarities.