Shloka 12

Devanagari script

उपलभ्य शनैस्संज्ञां तं मे शंसितुमर्हसि।येन त्वं दुर्विनीतेन वने विक्रम्य निर्जिता।।।।

Transliteration

upalabhya śanaiḥ saṁjñāṁ taṁ me śaṁsitum arhasi | yena tvaṁ durvinītena vane vikramya nirjitā ||

Translation

Habang dahan-dahan kang nagkakamalay, nararapat mong sabihin sa akin kung sino yaong palalo—na sa kanyang tapang sa gubat na ito ay napasuko ka.

Word by Word

• upalabhya: having regained/obtained
• upalabhya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa√labh (धातु)
• Form: Ktvā-anta (absolutive/gerund), pūrvakāla (prior action)

• śanaiḥ: slowly
• śanaiḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: śanaiḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Kālavyaya/riyā-avyaya (adverb: slowly)

• saṃjñām: consciousness
• saṃjñām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃjñā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (feminine), Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana

• me: to me / of me
• me: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti (Genitive/6th), Ekavacana; enclitic

• śaṃsitum: to tell/relate
• śaṃsitum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śaṃs (धातु)
• Form: Tumun-anta (infinitive)

• arhasi: you should / you are fit
• arhasi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √arh (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (Present), Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd person), Ekavacana

• yena: by whom
• yena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga/napuṃsaka, Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental), Ekavacana; relative pronoun

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Prathamā vibhakti, Ekavacana

• durvinītena: by the ill-disciplined/arrogant one
• durvinītena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: durvinīta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of 'yena' (person)

• vane: in the forest
• vane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga (neuter), Saptamī vibhakti, Ekavacana

• vikramya: having displayed prowess/attacked
• vikramya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi√kram (धातु)
• Form: Ktvā-anta (absolutive), pūrvakāla

• nirjitā: defeated
• nirjitā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nir√ji (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Kta-participle (PPP), Strīliṅga, Prathamā vibhakti, Ekavacana; predicate of speaker (implicit 'aham')

Context

You should tell me as you slowly regain your consciousness which bragart has overpowered you in the forest with his strength.

Characters & Entities

• Khara
• Shurpanakha
• forest (vana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse foregrounds satya-oriented inquiry: before acting, one seeks clear information and truthful identification of the cause and agent.

What is the narrative situation?

Khara questions the injured and disfigured Shurpanakha, urging her to regain composure and identify who defeated her in the forest.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Decisiveness guided by inquiry—Khara demands a clear account before proceeding.