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Shloka 28

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 47 — Arjuna’s Deterrent Declaration

Sañjaya’s Report

यदा गतोद्वाहमकूजनाक्षं सुवर्णतारं रथमुत्तमाश्वै: । दान्तैर्युक्ते सहदेवो5थिरूढ: शिरांसि राज्ञां क्षेप्स्यते मार्गणौचै:

sañjaya uvāca | yadā gatodvāham akūjanākṣaṃ suvarṇatāraṃ ratham uttamāśvaiḥ | dāntair yukte sahadevo 'thirūḍhaḥ śirāṃsi rājñāṃ kṣepsyate mārgaṇair ucchaiḥ ||

Sinabi ni Sañjaya: Kapag sumakay si Sahadeva sa karwaheng iyon—na hinihila ng mahuhusay, sanay, at disiplinadong kabayo, sumusunod sa nais ng tagapagmaneho, at ang ehe’y walang ingay, at sa pag-ikot ay wari’y isang ginintuang bilog na guhit—kung gayon, sa pagpapakawala niya ng mga palaso sa itaas, ibabagsak niya ang mga ulo ng mga haring kalaban. Sa oras na nakapangingilabot na iyon, habang ang bihasa sa sandata na si Sahadeva ay nananatiling matatag sa labanan at sumusugod sa kaaway sa bawat panig, si Duryodhana, anak ni Dhṛtarāṣṭra, ay sasakmalin ng malalim na pagsisisi habang iniisip ang kahihinatnan ng digmaan.

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
गतgone/attained
गत:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगम् (गत)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उद्वाहम्wedding/bringing forth (here: onward movement/advance)
उद्वाहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउद्वाह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अकूजनsoundless, not creaking
अकूजन:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअकूजन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अक्षम्axle
अक्षम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअक्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सुवर्णgold
सुवर्ण:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुवर्ण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तारम्star-like, shining
तारम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उत्तमexcellent, best
उत्तम:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अश्वैःwith horses
अश्वैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
दान्तैःtamed, well-trained
दान्तैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootदान्त
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
युक्तेyoked, harnessed (in/onto)
युक्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootयुज् (युक्त)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सहदेवःSahadeva
सहदेवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसहदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
आरूढःhaving mounted
आरूढः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-रुह् (आरूढ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शिरांसिheads
शिरांसि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
क्षेप्स्यतेwill hurl/cast down
क्षेप्स्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootक्षिप्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), 3, Singular, Ātmanepada
मार्गणैःwith arrows
मार्गणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमार्गण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
उच्चैःaloft/highly
उच्चैः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउच्चैः

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
S
Sahadeva
K
kings (rājānaḥ)
C
chariot (ratha)
H
horses (aśva)
A
arrows (mārgaṇa)
A
axle (akṣa)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the moral weight of choosing war: when righteous and skilled warriors act decisively, the aggressor is forced to confront consequences. It hints that adharma-driven conflict culminates in fear and regret, even before the final defeat.

Sañjaya describes a vivid, almost prophetic battle scene: Sahadeva mounts a superb, silent-axled chariot drawn by disciplined horses and, with powerful archery, fells enemy kings. The description functions as a warning about the impending devastation and the psychological collapse (remorse) it will provoke in Duryodhana.