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Shloka 18

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 28: Dharmādharmalakṣaṇa in Āpad

Crisis-Discernment of Right and Wrong

संजय! तुम श्रेष्ठ ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय, वैश्य तथा सम्पूर्ण लोकोंके इस सुप्रसिद्ध धर्मको जानते हो। तुम ज्ञानियोंमें भी श्रेष्ठ ज्ञानी हो, तो भी तुम कौरवोंकी स्वार्थसिद्धिके लिये क्‍यों वाग्जाल फैला रहे हो? ।।

Sañjaya! tvaṁ śreṣṭha-brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-vaiśya-tathā samasta-lokānāṁ suprasiddhaṁ dharmam jānāsi. tvaṁ jñāninām api śreṣṭho jñānī, tathāpi kauravāṇāṁ svārtha-siddhaye kuto vāg-jālaṁ vitanosi? āmnāyeṣu nitya-saṁyogam asya tathāśvamedhe rājasūye ca viddhi. saṁyujyate dhanuṣā varmaṇā ca hastyaśvādyaī ratha-śastraiś ca bhūyaḥ. rājā yudhiṣṭhirasya veda-śāstraiḥ saha svādhyāya-rūpeṇa sadā sambandho vartate; tathāśvamedha-rājasūyādi-yajñaiś ca nityaṁ lagnaḥ. dhanuḥ-kavacābhyāṁ ca saṁyuktaḥ; hastyaśva-vāhanaiḥ rathaiḥ astrāṇi-śastrāṇi ca tasya na nyūnāni. ete kuntī-putrā yadi kaurava-vadhaṁ vināpi rājya-prāptaye anyaṁ upāyaṁ jñāsyanti, tadā bhīmasenaṁ ārya-puruṣācārita-sadvyavahāre niyujya dharma-rakṣā-rūpaṁ puṇyam eva sampādayiṣyanti—iti tvaṁ samyag avagaccha.

Wika ni Vāyu: “Sañjaya! Nalalaman mo ang bantog na dharma na itinataguyod ng pinakamahuhusay sa mga brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, at ng lahat ng daigdig. Ikaw ay binibilang sa pinakamarurunong—bakit mo pa ikinakalat ang lambat ng mga salita upang paglingkuran ang pansariling kapakinabangan ng mga Kaurava? Alamin mo: si Haring Yudhiṣṭhira ay laging kaugnay ng Veda at śāstra sa pamamagitan ng walang patid na pag-aaral; gayundin, siya’y deboto sa mga dakilang handog gaya ng Aśvamedha at Rājasūya. Siya’y may busog at baluti, at sagana sa mga elepante, kabayo, karwaheng pandigma, at mga sandata. Kung matutuklasan ng mga anak ni Kuntī ang anumang paraan upang mabawi ang kaharian nang hindi pinapatay ang mga Kaurava, pipigilin nila si Bhīmasena at itatatag siya sa marangal na asal na isinasagawa ng mga matuwid, at makapagtatamo ng kabutihang-loob sa pag-iingat sa dharma—unawain mo ito nang malinaw.”

आम्नायेषुin the Vedic traditions/recensions
आम्नायेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआम्नाय
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
नित्यconstant/always
नित्य:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
संयोगम्connection/association
संयोगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंयोग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अस्यof him/of this (person)
अस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तथाand likewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अश्वमेधेin the Aśvamedha sacrifice
अश्वमेधे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वमेध
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
राजसूयेin the Rājasūya sacrifice
राजसूये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजसूय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विद्धिknow (you)/understand
विद्धि:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
संयुज्यतेis joined/associated
संयुज्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootयुज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
धनुषाwith a bow
धनुषा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वर्मणाwith armor
वर्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हस्त्यश्वाद्यैःwith elephants, horses, and the like
हस्त्यश्वाद्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहस्ति-अश्व-आदि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
रथैःwith chariots
रथैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अस्त्रैःwith missiles/weapons
अस्त्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअस्त्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
शस्त्रैःwith hand-weapons/arms
शस्त्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशस्त्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भूयःagain/further; moreover
भूयः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूयस्

वायुदेव उवाच

वायुदेव (Vāyu)
संजय (Sañjaya)
कौरव (Kauravas)
राजा युधिष्ठिर (King Yudhiṣṭhira)
भीमसेन (Bhīmasena)
कुन्तीपुत्र (sons of Kuntī / Pāṇḍavas)
वेद (Veda)
शास्त्र (Śāstra)
स्वाध्याय (Svādhyāya)
अश्वमेध (Aśvamedha)
राजसूय (Rājasūya)
धनुष् (bow)
वर्मन्/कवच (armor)
हस्ति (elephants)
अश्व (horses)
रथ (chariots)
अस्त्र-शस्त्र (weapons)

Educational Q&A

The passage contrasts truthful, dharma-grounded counsel with self-serving rhetoric. It asserts that Yudhiṣṭhira’s legitimacy rests on learning (svādhyāya), Vedic authority, and righteous intent; even with full military capacity, the Pāṇḍavas would prefer a dharmic, non-lethal means if possible, restraining Bhīma and pursuing merit through protecting dharma.

Vāyu addresses Sañjaya, rebuking him for arguing in the Kauravas’ interest despite knowing dharma. He then describes Yudhiṣṭhira’s constant engagement with scripture and royal sacrifices, and notes the Pāṇḍavas’ ample martial resources—yet emphasizes their willingness to seek a peaceful solution if it can secure the kingdom without killing the Kauravas.