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Shloka 25

राजधर्मः—प्रमादवर्जनं, दण्डनीतिः, दुर्बलरक्षणम्

Royal Dharma: Vigilance, Just Punishment, Protection of the Vulnerable

यदा युक्‍्त्या नयेदर्थान्‌ कामादर्थवशेन वा । कृपणं याचमानानां तद्‌ राज्ञो वैशसं महत्‌,यदि कोई राजा या राजकीय कर्मचारी दीनतापूर्ण याचना करती हुई प्रजाओंकी उस प्रार्थाको ठुकराकर स्वेच्छासे अथवा धनके लोभवश कोई-न-कोई युक्ति करके उनके धनका अपहरण कर ले तो वह राजाके महान्‌ विनाशका सूचक है

yadā yuktyā nayed arthān kāmād arthavaśena vā | kṛpaṇaṃ yācamānānāṃ tad rājño vaiśasaṃ mahat ||

Sinabi ni Utathya: Kapag ang isang hari, sa pamamagitan ng anumang pakana, ay kumukuha ng yaman—maging dahil sa sariling pagnanasa o sa kasakiman sa pakinabang—mula sa mga abang nasasakupan na nagmamakaawa sa gitna ng paghihirap, ang gawang iyon ay nagiging mabigat na kalupitan at masamang pangitain ng malaking kapahamakan ng namumuno. Sa pananaw ng katarungan, hinahatulan nito ang kapangyarihan ng estado kapag nagiging mandaragit laban sa mahihina, at nagbababala na winawasak ng ganitong pagsasamantala ang pagiging lehitimo ng paghahari at nag-aanyaya ng pagbagsak.

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
युक्त्याby a device/stratagem
युक्त्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयुक्ति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
नयेत्should lead/should take away
नयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनी
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अर्थान्wealth/possessions
अर्थान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कामात्from desire; out of self-will
कामात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अर्थवशेनunder the power of wealth; for greed
अर्थवशेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थवश
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
कृपणम्miserable/mean (act); wretchedly
कृपणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृपण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
याचमानानाम्of those who are begging/supplicating
याचमानानाम्:
Sampradana
TypeVerb
Rootयाचमान
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वैशसम्calamity/ruin; grievous sin
वैशसम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैशस
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

उतथ्य उवाच

U
Utathya
K
king (rājā)
S
subjects/people (implied: yācamānāḥ)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must not use clever pretexts or administrative power to seize wealth from distressed, pleading subjects; such predatory governance is a grave adharma that signals the king’s impending ruin.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, the sage Utathya warns about a specific royal vice: rejecting the desperate petitions of the poor and instead contriving to appropriate their wealth, which he labels a great cruelty and an omen of downfall.