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Shloka 36

आपद्धर्मे वैश्यवृत्तिः, विक्रय-निषेधाः, तथा ब्रह्म-क्षत्र-सम्बन्धः

Emergency Livelihood, Prohibited Trade, and Brahman–Kshatra Regulation

ब्राह्मणो यदि वा वैश्य: शूद्रो वा राजसत्तम । दस्युभ्यो5थ प्रजा रक्षेद्‌ दण्डं धर्मेण धारयन्‌

brāhmaṇo yadi vā vaiśyaḥ śūdro vā rājasattama | dasyubhyo 'tha prajā rakṣed daṇḍaṃ dharmeṇa dhārayan ||

Sinabi ni Yudhiṣṭhira: “O pinakadakilang hari! Kung ang isang Brahmin, o Vaiśya, o maging Śūdra—na humahawak sa pamalo ng kaparusahan ayon sa dharma—ay magtatanggol sa bayan laban sa mga pangkat ng tulisan, tama ba ang kanyang ginagawa? Sa panahong dumarami ang mandarambong at nalalagay sa panganib ang kaayusang panlipunan, at walang mabisang lunas para sa tungkuling pag-iingat ng kṣatriya, nararapat bang ang isang malakas na tao mula sa ibang uri ay humawak ng kapangyarihang pamimilit alang-alang sa pag-iingat sa dharma at pagliligtas sa mga tao mula sa pandarambong?”

ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
वैश्यःa Vaishya
वैश्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रःa Shudra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
राजसत्तमO best of kings
राजसत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootराजसत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दस्युभ्यःfrom robbers
दस्युभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदस्यु
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
अथthen/and
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
प्रजाःthe subjects/people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
रक्षेत्should protect
रक्षेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
दण्डम्punishment/rod (authority)
दण्डम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मेणby/according to dharma
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
धारयन्bearing/holding
धारयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootधृ
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
R
rājasattama (addressed king)
B
brāhmaṇa
V
vaiśya
Ś
śūdra
D
dasyu (robbers)
P
prajā (subjects)
D
daṇḍa (punitive authority)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical question about emergency governance: when the Kṣatriya function of protecting society fails, can non-Kṣatriyas legitimately wield daṇḍa (coercive punishment) to defend the people—provided it is done in accordance with dharma.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue, Yudhiṣṭhira raises a practical dilemma to the elder authority: with robbers increasing and social stability threatened, he asks whether a capable Brahmin, Vaiśya, or Śūdra may take up righteous punitive power to protect the populace from marauders.