Shloka 10

Prāyaścitta-vidhāna: Tapas, Dāna, Vrata, and Proportional Expiation (प्रायश्चित्तविधानम्)

Devanagari script

अदत्तस्यानुपादानं दानमध्ययनं तप: । अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोध इज्या धर्मस्य लक्षणम्‌

Transliteration

adattasyānupādānaṁ dānam adhyayanaṁ tapaḥ | ahiṁsā satyam akrodha ijyā dharmasya lakṣaṇam ||

Translation

Sinabi ni Vyāsa: “Ang hindi pagkuha sa hindi ibinigay, ang pagkakaloob ng limos, ang pagsisikap sa pag-aaral at pagtitiis, ang hindi pananakit sa alinmang nilalang, ang pagsasalita ng katotohanan, ang pagtalikod sa galit, at ang pagsasagawa ng yajña (hain na pagsamba)—ito ang mga palatandaan ng dharma.”

Word by Word

• अदत्तस्य: of what is not given
• अदत्तस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अदत्त (दत्त < √दा)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• अनुपादानम्: non-acceptance; not taking
• अनुपादानम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुपादान
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• दानम्: giving; charity
• दानम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अध्ययनम्: study (of scripture)
• अध्ययनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्ययन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तपः: austerity; penance
• तपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अहिंसा: non-violence
• अहिंसा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहिंसा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• सत्यम्: truth; truthfulness
• सत्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अक्रोधः: absence of anger; non-wrath
• अक्रोधः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्रोध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इज्या: worship; sacrifice
• इज्या: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: इज्या
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• धर्मस्य: of dharma
• धर्मस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• लक्षणम्: mark; characteristic
• लक्षणम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्षण
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Dharma is identified through concrete disciplines: do not appropriate what is not given, practice generosity, cultivate learning and austerity, uphold non-violence and truth, restrain anger, and maintain reverent sacrificial worship. Together these form a practical ethical profile of righteous living.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Vyāsa enumerates defining characteristics (lakṣaṇas) of dharma, presenting a concise list of virtues and practices meant to guide conduct after the devastation of war.