Shloka 21

Atithi-prāpti and the Brāhmaṇa’s Deliberation on Triadic Dharma (अतिथिप्राप्तिः धर्मत्रयविचारश्च)

Devanagari script

शौचाचारसमायुक्तान्‌ जितक्रोधान्‌ जितेन्द्रियान्‌ । वेदानध्यापयामास महाभारतपञ्चमान्‌

Transliteration

śaucācārasamāyuktān jitakrodhān jitendriyān | vedān adhyāpayāmāsa mahābhāratapañcamān ||

Translation

Wika ni Vaiśampāyana: Nang makita niyang sila’y may kalinisan at wastong asal, nagapi ang galit at napasuko ang mga pandama, itinuro niya sa kanila ang mga Veda—na itinuturing ang Mahābhārata bilang ikalimang Veda.

Word by Word

• शौचाचारसमायुक्तान्: endowed with purity and good conduct
• शौचाचारसमायुक्तान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शौचाचारसमायुक्त
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• जितक्रोधान्: having conquered anger
• जितक्रोधान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जितक्रोध
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• जितेन्द्रियान्: having conquered the senses; self-controlled
• जितेन्द्रियान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जितेन्द्रिय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• वेदान्: the Vedas
• वेदान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेद
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अध्यापयामास: caused to study; taught
• अध्यापयामास: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अध्यापय् (अधि + आपय्; causative of अधि + इ)
• Form: Perfect (Periphrastic Perfect), Third, Singular

• महाभारतपञ्चमान्: as the fifth—together with the Mahabharata (i.e., the Vedas with the Mahabharata as fifth)
• महाभारतपञ्चमान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महाभारतपञ्चम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Vedas
• Mahābhārata

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

True learning is grounded in character: purity (śauca), right conduct (ācāra), mastery over anger, and control of the senses qualify a student to receive sacred instruction. Knowledge is presented as inseparable from ethical discipline.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana reports that a teacher instructed worthy, self-controlled students in the Vedas, and also taught the Mahābhārata as an additional authoritative body of dharma-teaching—figuratively ‘the fifth’ alongside the Vedas.