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Shloka 29

Aśmagīta: Janaka’s Inquiry on Loss, Kāla, and the Limits of Control (अश्मगीता)

जिनके पास कुछ नहीं है, ऐसे दरिद्र भी दीर्घजीवी देखे जाते हैं और धनवान्‌ कुलमें उत्पन्न हुए मनुष्य भी कीट-पतंगोंके समान नष्ट होते रहते हैं ।। प्रायेण श्रीमतां लोके भोक्तुं शक्तिर्न विद्यते । काष्ठान्यपि हि जीर्यन्ते दरिद्राणां च सर्वश:,जगतमें प्रायः धनवानोंको खाने और पचानेकी शक्ति ही नहीं रहती है और दरिद्रोंके पेटमें काठ भी पच जाते हैं

janaka uvāca | yeṣāṁ kiñcid api nāsti te 'pi daridrā dīrghajīvinaḥ dṛśyante, śrīmat-kule jātaś ca naro 'pi kīṭa-pataṅgavat praṇaśyati | prāyeṇa śrīmatāṁ loke bhoktuṁ śaktir na vidyate; kāṣṭhāny api hi jīryante daridrāṇāṁ ca sarvaśaḥ ||

Wika ni Janaka: Maging yaong walang pag-aari—kahit dukha—ay nakikitang humahaba ang buhay; samantalang ang mga isinilang sa mayayamang angkan ay nalilipol na parang mga insekto. Sa daigdig na ito, ang mayayaman ay madalas kapos sa lakas upang tunay na malasap at matunaw ang kanilang kinakain; ngunit sa dukha, wari’y pati kahoy ay natutunaw sa tiyan. Kaya’t ang kasaganaan ay hindi katiyakan ng sigla, at ang paghihirap ay hindi laging hadlang sa pagtitiis.

प्रायेणgenerally, for the most part
प्रायेण:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्राय
FormAvyaya (indeclinable adverb)
श्रीमताम्of the wealthy
श्रीमताम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रीमन्त्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भोक्तुम्to eat, to enjoy
भोक्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormInfinitive (tumun)
शक्तिःpower, capacity
शक्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (negation)
विद्यतेexists, is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent tense, 3rd person, Singular, Ātmanepada
काष्ठानिpieces of wood
काष्ठानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाष्ठ
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
FormAvyaya
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
FormAvyaya
जीर्यन्तेare digested/decay
जीर्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootजॄ
FormPresent tense, 3rd person, Plural, Ātmanepada
दरिद्राणाम्of the poor
दरिद्राणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदरिद्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (conjunction)
सर्वशःentirely, in every way
सर्वशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वशस्
FormAvyaya (adverb)

जनक उवाच

J
Janaka
T
the poor (daridrāḥ)
T
the wealthy (śrīmataḥ)
I
insects/moths (kīṭa-pataṅgāḥ)
W
wood (kāṣṭha)

Educational Q&A

External wealth is not a reliable measure of well-being or longevity. The verse highlights the irony that the rich may lack the capacity to enjoy what they have, while the poor often develop endurance; it encourages detachment from prosperity as a false guarantee of happiness.

King Janaka is speaking in a reflective, didactic context within Śānti Parva, using everyday observations about rich and poor to make a moral point about the limits of material prosperity and the unpredictability of life.