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Shloka 33

मोक्षोपाय-निर्णयः

Determination of the Means to Liberation

पादोनेनापि धर्मेण गच्छेत्‌ त्रेतायुगे तथा । द्वापरे तु द्विपादेन पादेन त्वधरे युगे

pādonenāpi dharmeṇa gacchet tretāyuge tathā | dvāpare tu dvipādena pādena tvadhare yuge ||

Sinabi ni Humatsena: “Kahit nabawasan ng isang-kapat ang dharma, maaari pa ring magpatuloy sa panahon ng Tretā. Sa Dvāpara, ang dharma ay nakatindig sa dalawang bahagi; ngunit sa huling panahon (Kali), sa iisang bahagi na lamang. Itinuturo nito na humihina ang kakayahang moral ng daigdig sa paglipas ng mga yuga; kaya ang pagsisikap sa kabutihan ay dapat unawain ayon sa panahong may mas mababang katatagan ng katuwiran.”

पादोनेनwith a quarter less (i.e., by three quarters)
पादोनेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootपादोन
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
धर्मेणby/with dharma (righteousness)
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
गच्छेत्would go/should proceed
गच्छेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
त्रेता-युगेin the Tretā age
त्रेता-युगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रेता-युग
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
द्वापरेin the Dvāpara (age)
द्वापरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्वापर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
द्वि-पादेनwith two quarters (i.e., by half)
द्वि-पादेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि-पाद
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
पादेनwith a quarter
पादेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपाद
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
अधरेin the lower (later)
अधरे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअधर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
युगेin the age
युगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुग
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular

हुमत्सेन उवाच

H
Humatsena
D
Dharma
T
Tretā-yuga
D
Dvāpara-yuga
K
Kali-yuga (implied by ‘adhare yuge’)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is portrayed as progressively diminishing across the yugas: in Tretā it is reduced by one quarter, in Dvāpara it stands on two quarters, and in the later age (Kali) it remains on only one quarter. The verse frames ethical life as harder and less stable as time declines.

Humatsena is explaining a doctrinal point about the yugas within the Shānti Parva’s broader instruction on dharma: the world’s moral foundation weakens over cosmic time, affecting how righteousness can be maintained in different ages.