Shloka 18

मोक्षोपाय-निर्णयः

Determination of the Means to Liberation

Devanagari script

अहन्यमानेषु पुनः सर्वमेव पराभवेत्‌ । पूर्वे पूर्वतरे चैव सुशास्या हुभवन्‌ जना:

Transliteration

ahanyamāneṣu punaḥ sarvam eva parābhavet | pūrve pūrvataraś caiva suśāsyā hubhavan janāḥ ||

Translation

Kung ang mga tao ay hindi napipigil at naitatama kapag gumagawa ng mali, sa paglipas ng panahon ay mauuwi sa kapahamakan ang lahat. Kaya yaong mga nauna—at yaong higit pang nakatatanda—ay dapat pamahalaan nang maayos at disiplinahin nang wasto, upang hindi gumuho ang kaayusan at kapakanan.

Word by Word

• अहन्यमानेषु: when the days are passing / in the passing days
• अहन्यमानेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (दिन) + यम (यमने/नियमन) (कृदन्त-आधार)
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• पुनः: again; further
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• सर्वम्: everything
• सर्वम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• एव: indeed; just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• पराभवेत्: would be defeated / would come to ruin
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (भव)
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• पूर्वे: the former ones
• पूर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पूर्वतरे: the still earlier ones
• पूर्वतरे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्वतर (तरा-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed; just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• सुशास्याः: well-governed / well-disciplined
• सुशास्याः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-शास्य (शास् + यत्/ण्यत्; कृदन्त-विशेषण)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अभवन्: were / became
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (भव)
• Form: Imperfect (Lan), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• जनाः: people
• जनाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

हुमत्सेन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• हुमत्सेन (Humatsena)
• जनाः (people/subjects)
• पूर्वे/पूर्वतर (elders, predecessors)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A society collapses when wrongdoing is left unchecked; ethical governance requires timely restraint and discipline, especially among influential or senior members whose conduct sets the standard for all.

What is happening in the narrative?

Humatsena is advising on principles of rule and social stability, warning that failure to correct misconduct leads to general ruin, and emphasizing the need to govern and discipline even elders and senior persons for the sake of dharma.