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Shloka 5

Adhyātma-krama: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman Hierarchy and Citta-Prasāda (आध्यात्मक्रमः)

पौरुषं कर्म दैवं च कालवृत्तिस्वभावत: । त्रयमेतत्‌ पृथग्भूतमविवेक॑ तु केचन,कितने ही मनुष्य पुरुषार्थद्वारा की हुई क्रिया, दैव और कालगत स्वभाव-इन तीनोंको कारण मानते हैं। कुछ लोग इन्हें पृथक्‌-पृथक्‌ प्रधानता देते हैं अर्थात्‌ इनमेंसे एक प्रधान है और दूसरे दो अप्रधान कारण हैं--ऐसा कहते हैं और कुछ लोग इन तीनोंको पृथक्‌ न करके इनके समुच्चयको ही कारण बताते हैं

pauruṣaṁ karma daivaṁ ca kālavṛtti-svabhāvataḥ | trayam etat pṛthag-bhūtam avivekaṁ tu kecana ||

Sinabi ni Vyāsa: Ang pagsisikap ng tao na nahahayag bilang kilos, ang tadhana, at ang likas na takbo ayon sa pag-ikot ng panahon—ang tatlong ito’y binabanggit na magkakahiwalay na sanhi. Ngunit may ilan na kapos sa pag-unawa: hinihiwalay nila ito at itinatanghal ang isa bilang pangunahing kapangyarihan habang pinapaliit ang dalawa; samantalang ang iba’y hindi naghihiwalay, kundi itinuturing na ang pinagsamang pag-andar ng tatlo ang tunay na sanhi ng mga pangyayari.

पौरुषम्human effort
पौरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपौरुष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कर्मaction/deed
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दैवम्fate/divine dispensation
दैवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कालवृत्तिस्वभावतःdue to the nature of time’s course
कालवृत्तिस्वभावतः:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकाल-वृत्ति-स्वभाव
त्रयम्the triad/threefold set
त्रयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्रि
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पृथक्separately
पृथक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक्
भूतम्become/constituted (as)
भूतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootभू
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
अविवेकम्lack of discernment
अविवेकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअविवेक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तुbut/however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
केचनsome (people)
केचन:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootक-चिद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

The verse frames events as arising from three causal factors—human effort (pauruṣa/karma), destiny (daiva), and the natural course of time (kāla). It cautions against simplistic thinking that makes only one factor supreme; wiser reflection sees that outcomes often emerge from their combined interplay.

In Śānti Parva’s reflective instruction, Vyāsa is explaining how to understand causation behind success, failure, and moral outcomes. He contrasts views that isolate one cause (effort alone, fate alone, or time alone) with the more integrated view that all three operate together.