Shloka 23

Gṛhastha-vṛtti and Niyama: Models of Householder Livelihood and Discipline (गृहस्थवृत्ति-नियमाः)

Devanagari script

अददातेषु संजातस्त्रिसंदेहस्त्रिकर्मकृत्‌ । तस्मादुन्मज्जने तिषछेत्‌ प्रज्ञया निस्तरेद्‌ यथा

Transliteration

adadāteṣu saṃjātas tri-saṃdehas tri-karmakṛt | tasmād unmaj-jane tiṣṭhet prajñayā nistared yathā ||

Translation

Wika ni Vyāsa: Kapag ang isang Brahmin ay isinilang sa marangal na angkan, dapat niyang tingnan ang tatlong gawaing kaugnay ng ikabubuhay—pagtuturo, pamumuno sa mga handog na yajña, at pagtanggap ng mga kaloob—na may tatluhang pag-iingat, upang hindi sumibol ang pagkakapit. Gayunman, dapat pa rin niyang tapat na gampanan ang tatlong tungkulin—pag-aaral, paghahandog, at pagbibigay. Sa anumang paraang maaari, magsikap siyang iligtas ang sarili sa pamamagitan ng matalinong pag-unawa, upang matawid ang mapanganib na agos ng buhay-mundo.

Word by Word

• अददातेषु: among non-givers (those who do not give)
• अददातेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अददातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• संजातः: born; arisen
• संजातः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्+जन् (धातु) / संजात (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• त्रिसंदेहः: having three doubts / doubting in three ways
• त्रिसंदेहः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि + सन्देह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• त्रिकर्मकृत्: performer of the three duties
• त्रिकर्मकृत्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रि + कर्म + कृत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तस्मात्: therefore; from that (reason)
• तस्मात्: Apadana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• उन्मज्जने: in (the act of) emerging/surfacing; in deliverance
• उन्मज्जने: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: उन्मज्जन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• तिष्ठेत्: should stand; should remain/strive
• तिष्ठेत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु)
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• प्रज्ञया: by wisdom; through discernment
• प्रज्ञया: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• निस्तरेत्: should cross over; should get through
• निस्तरेत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: निस्+तॄ (धातु)
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• यथा: as; in such a way that
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Brāhmaṇa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A Brahmin should perform the traditional duties of study, sacrifice, and charity, but treat teaching-for-gain, priestly service, and accepting gifts with vigilant caution, using discernment to avoid attachment and to pursue liberation.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa is instructing on right conduct in the Śānti Parva’s ethical discourse, outlining how a Brahmin should balance obligatory duties with careful restraint regarding livelihood and remuneration, aiming to ‘cross over’ worldly danger through wisdom.