Shloka 2
Prahlāda–Indra Saṃvāda: Kartṛtva (Agency) and Svabhāva (Nature) in the Causation of Karma
जन्ममृत्युजरादु:खैव्याधिभिमानसक्लमै: | दृष्टवैव संततं लोकं घटेन्मोक्षाय बुद्धिमान्,यह जगत् जन्म, मृत्यु और वृद्धावस्थाके दु:खों, नाना प्रकारके रोगों तथा मानसिक चिन्ताओंसे व्याप्त है; ऐसा समझकर बुद्धिमान् पुरुषको मोक्षके लिये ही प्रयत्न करना चाहिये
janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhair vyādhibhir mānasa-klamaiḥ | dṛṣṭvaiva satataṁ lokaṁ ghaṭen mokṣāya buddhimān ||
Sinabi ni Bhīṣma: “Yamang nakikita na ang daigdig na ito ay laging nababalot ng pagdurusa ng kapanganakan, kamatayan, at pagtanda—kasama pa ang sari-saring karamdaman at pagod ng mga pighating pangkaisipan—ang marunong ay dapat magsikap para sa paglaya lamang.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Recognize the pervasive nature of saṁsāric suffering—birth, death, aging, disease, and mental distress—and therefore prioritize striving for mokṣa (liberation) as the highest aim.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on the highest good; here he frames the world as continuously afflicted by inevitable sufferings and urges the wise to pursue liberation.