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Shloka 8

Śānti-parva 168: Śoka-nivṛtti-buddhi (The Cognition that Reduces Grief) and Piṅgalā’s Nairāśya

धर्मो राजन्‌ गुण: श्रेष्ठो मध्यमो हार्थ उच्यते । कामो यवीयानिति च प्रवदन्ति मनीषिण:,राजन! धर्म ही श्रेष्ठ गुण है, अर्थको मध्यम बताया जाता है और काम सबकी अपेक्षा लघु है; ऐसा मनीषी पुरुष कहते हैं

dharmo rājan guṇaḥ śreṣṭho madhyamo hy artha ucyate | kāmo yavīyān iti ca pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ ||

Wika ni Vidura: “O Hari, sa mga layunin at katangiang gumagabay sa buhay, ang Dharma ang ipinahahayag na pinakamataas. Ang Artha (kabuhayan at pamamahala) ang itinuturing na nasa gitna. Ang Kāma (pagnanasa at aliw) ang pinakahuli. Ganyan ang maingat na hatol ng mga pantas.”

धर्मःdharma, righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
गुणःquality, merit
गुणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रेष्ठःbest, supreme
श्रेष्ठः:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मध्यमःmiddling, intermediate
मध्यमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्थःwealth, material good (artha)
अर्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said, is called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive
कामःdesire, pleasure (kāma)
कामः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यवीयान्younger; lesser (comparative)
यवीयान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootयुवन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus, as (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रवदन्तिthey declare, they say
प्रवदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+वद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Active
मनीषिणःthe wise (men)
मनीषिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनीषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
King (rājan)

Educational Q&A

The verse ranks human aims: Dharma is supreme, Artha is secondary, and Kāma is the least. Ethical duty and righteousness should govern the pursuit of wealth and pleasure, not the other way around.

Vidura addresses a king and offers counsel in the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, presenting a normative principle for governance and personal conduct: the ruler (and all people) should prioritize Dharma above material gain and sensual desire.