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Shloka 9

Daṇḍa as the Foundation of Social Order (दण्डप्रतिष्ठा)

वाचा दण्डो ब्राह्मणानां क्षत्रियाणां भुजार्पणम्‌ | दानदण्डा: स्मृता वैश्या निर्दण्ड: शूद्र उच्चते

vācā daṇḍo brāhmaṇānāṁ kṣatriyāṇāṁ bhujārpaṇam | dāna-daṇḍāḥ smṛtā vaiśyā nirdaṇḍaḥ śūdra ucyate ||

Sinabi ni Arjuna: “Para sa mga Brahmin, ang parusa ay sa pamamagitan ng salita—pagsaway at pagbatikos. Para sa mga Kshatriya, ang parusa ay ang pag-aatas ng paglilingkod sa lakas ng kanilang bisig, gaya ng pagpapagawa kapalit ng ikabubuhay. Ang mga Vaishya ay sinasabing pinarurusahan sa pamamagitan ng salaping singil at multa. Ang Shudra naman ay inilalarawang ‘walang parusang punitibo’; para sa kanya, ang tanging pagwawasto ay ang pagkuha ng kanyang paglilingkod, hindi ang iba pang anyo ng parusa.”

वाचाby speech
वाचा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
दण्डःpunishment
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणानाम्of Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
क्षत्रियाणाम्of Kshatriyas
क्षत्रियाणाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भुजार्पणम्offering of the arm (i.e., bodily service/force)
भुजार्पणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभुज-अर्पण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दानदण्डाःpunishments consisting of fines/forfeiture (lit. 'giving-penalties')
दानदण्डाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान-दण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्मृताःare considered/are remembered (as)
स्मृताः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
FormPerfect passive participle (PPP), Plural
वैश्याःVaishyas
वैश्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निर्दण्डःwithout punishment
निर्दण्डः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्दण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रःthe Shudra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said/is called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
B
Brahmin (Brāhmaṇa)
K
Kshatriya (Kṣatriya)
V
Vaishya (Vaiśya)
S
Shudra (Śūdra)
D
Daṇḍa (punishment/penalty)

Educational Q&A

The verse outlines a graded theory of punishment (daṇḍa) tied to social roles: Brahmins are corrected primarily through verbal censure, Kshatriyas through enforced service/labor, Vaishyas through financial penalties, and Shudras are described as not receiving formal punitive penalties beyond being made to serve—presented as a traditional schema of discipline and social regulation.

In the Shanti Parva’s discourse on dharma and governance, Arjuna speaks about how punishment should be applied differently across social classes, summarizing a remembered rule of daṇḍanīti (policy of punishment) as part of a broader ethical discussion.