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Shloka 19

Adhyāya 118: Saciva-parīkṣā

Testing and Appointment of Ministers/Servants

(चिन्तयामास च तदा शरभ: श्वानपूर्वकः । अस्य प्रभावात्‌ सम्प्राप्तो वाड्मात्रेण तु केवलम्‌ ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | cintayāmāsa ca tadā śarabhaḥ śvānapūrvakaḥ | asya prabhāvāt samprāpto vāṅmātreṇa tu kevalam || śarabhatvaṃ suduṣprāpaṃ sarvabhūtabhayaṅkaram || anye 'py atra bhayatrastāḥ santi hastibhayārditāḥ | munim āśritya jīvanto mṛgāḥ pakṣigaṇās tathā | teṣām api kadācic ca śarabhatvaṃ prayacchati || sarvasattvottamaṃ loke balaṃ yatra pratiṣṭhitam | pakṣiṇām apy ayaṃ dadyāt kadācit gāruḍaṃ balam || yāvad anyasya samprītaḥ kāruṇyaṃ ca samāśritaḥ | na dadāti balaṃ tuṣṭaḥ sattvasyānyasya kasyacit || tāvad enam ahaṃ vipraṃ vadhiṣyāmi ca śīghrataḥ | sthātuṃ mayā śakyam iha munighātān na saṃśayaḥ || tatas tena tapaḥśaktyā vidito jñānacakṣuṣā |

Wika ni Bhīṣma: Noon, ang Śarabha—na dating isang aso—ay nag-isip: “Sa bisa ng banal na pantas na ito, sa isang salita lamang niya, nakamtan ko ang napakabihirang kalagayan ng pagiging Śarabha, na kinatatakutan ng lahat ng nilalang. Narito rin ang maraming usa at mga kawan ng ibon na nabubuhay sa ilalim ng kanyang pag-iingat, nababagabag sa takot sa mga elepante at iba pang panganib. Maaaring balang araw ay ipagkaloob din niya sa kanila ang anyong Śarabha, na kinaroroonan ng lakas na nakahihigit sa lahat. Maaari pa niyang ipagkaloob sa mga ibon ang lakas na tulad ni Garuḍa. Kaya bago siya—dahil sa habag at pagkalugod sa ibang nilalang—magkaloob ng gayong lakas kaninuman, agad kong papatayin ang brahmin na pantas na ito. Kapag napatay na ang pantas, makapananatili ako rito nang walang pangamba; walang pag-aalinlangan.” At sa gayon, sa kapangyarihan ng kanyang tapa at sa mata ng kaalaman, nalaman ng pantas ang balak nito.

चिन्तयामासthought/pondered
चिन्तयामास:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootचिन्त् (धातु)
Formलिट् (परस्मैपद, परोक्षभूत/परफेक्ट), 3, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
शरभःthe śarabha (mythic beast)
शरभः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशरभ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
श्वान-पूर्वकःhaving a dog as former (formerly a dog)
श्वान-पूर्वकः:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्वान-पूर्वक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अस्यof this (sage)
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
प्रभावात्from (his) power/influence
प्रभावात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभाव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
सम्प्राप्तःobtained/attained
सम्प्राप्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-प्र-आप् (धातु) / सम्प्राप्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्त (past passive participle), masculine, nominative, singular
वाक्-मात्रेणby mere speech/just by words
वाक्-मात्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्-मात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
केवलम्only/merely
केवलम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकेवल (प्रातिपदिक)
शरभत्वम्the state/body of being a śarabha
शरभत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरभत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, accusative, singular
सुदुष्प्रापम्very hard to obtain
सुदुष्प्रापम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदुष्प्राप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, accusative, singular
सर्व-भूत-भयङ्करम्terrifying to all beings
सर्व-भूत-भयङ्करम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वभूतभयङ्कर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, accusative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (narrator/speaker)
Ś
Śarabha (formerly a dog)
M
Muni/Vipra (brahmin-sage)
O
Other animals: deer (mṛga), birds (pakṣigaṇa), elephants (hasti)
G
Garuḍa (as a paradigm of power)

Educational Q&A

Power gained through another’s grace can breed arrogance and fear-driven cruelty; plotting harm against a benefactor—especially a sage—is portrayed as grave adharma, and spiritual insight (tapas, jñānacakṣuṣ) is shown as a safeguard that exposes hidden malice.

A creature who has been transformed into the formidable Śarabha by a sage’s mere words becomes anxious that the sage might grant similar power to other protected animals; to preserve his dominance, he resolves to kill the sage, but the sage perceives the intention through ascetic knowledge.