Shloka 49

Devanagari script

धृतराष्ट्रस्य दौरात्म्यात्‌ सपुत्रस्य सदा वयम्‌ | “मुझे प्रमाणकोटितीर्थमें विष पिलाकर नदीमें डाल दिया गया

Transliteration

dhṛtarāṣṭrasya daurātmyāt saputrasya sadā vayam | ity uktvā vacanaṁ rājan jayaṁ prāpya vṛkodaraḥ | punar āha mahārāja smayaṁs tau keśavārjunau ||

Translation

Sinabi ni Sañjaya: “Dahil sa kasamaan ni Dhṛtarāṣṭra kasama ang kaniyang mga anak, patuloy kaming nagdusa.” Pagkasabi nito, O Hari, si Vṛkodara (Bhīma)—matapos magwagi—ay muling nagsalita kina Keśava at Arjuna, na nakangiti. Inilalagay ng taludtod ang dahas ng digmaan sa isang talaang moral: ang mga paghihirap ng mga Pāṇḍava ay hindi basta malas, kundi bunga ng matagal na kawalang-katarungan, na ngayo’y sinasagot ng nararapat na pagganti sa larangan ng labanan.

Word by Word

• धृतराष्ट्रस्य: of Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• धृतराष्ट्रस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृतराष्ट्र
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• दौरात्म्यात्: from wickedness
• दौरात्म्यात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दौरात्म्य
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• सपुत्रस्य: of (him) together with his sons
• सपुत्रस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सपुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• सदा: always
• सदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Nominative, Plural

• इति: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• उक्त्वा: having said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active, —, —, —

• वचनम्: speech/words
• वचनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचन
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• जयम्: victory
• जयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: जय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• प्राप्य: having obtained
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आप्
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Active, —, —, —

• वृकोदरः: Vṛkodara (Bhīma)
• वृकोदरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृकोदर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• आह: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह्
• Form: Perfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

• महाराज: O great king
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• स्मयन्: smiling
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्मि
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तौ: those two
• तौ: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Dual

• केशव: O Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: केशव
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• अर्जुन: O Arjuna
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुन
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons (Kauravas)
• Vṛkodara (Bhīma)
• Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)
• Arjuna

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores moral causality and accountability: prolonged injustice and cruelty (daurātmya) by a ruler and his heirs generate suffering and ultimately invite a forceful response framed as just recompense within the dharma of war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Bhīma, having achieved a battlefield victory, speaks again to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna. The line links the present triumph to the earlier wrongs attributed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra and his sons.