Shloka 11

Devanagari script

हया: ससूता निहता नरेन्द्र चूर्णीकृतश्चास्य रथ: पतन्त्या । दुःशासनं पाण्डवा: प्रेक्ष्य सर्वे हृष्टा: पज्चाला: सिंहनादानमुछ्चन्‌

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

hayāḥ sasūtā nihatā narendra cūrṇīkṛtaś cāsya rathaḥ patantyā |

duḥśāsanaṃ pāṇḍavāḥ prekṣya sarve hṛṣṭāḥ pañcālāḥ siṃhanādān amuñcan ||

Translation

Sinabi ni Sañjaya: “O hari, nang bumagsak ang gada, nadurog ang karwahe ni Duḥśāsana, at napatay ang kanyang mga kabayo pati ang kutsero. Nang makita si Duḥśāsana sa gayong kalagayan, ang lahat ng mga Pāṇḍava at mga mandirigmang Pañcāla, nag-uumapaw sa galak, ay nagpalabas ng mga ungol na tila leon.”

Word by Word

• हयाः: horses
• हयाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: हय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ससूता: together with the charioteers
• ससूता: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स + सूत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• निहताः: slain
• निहताः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि + हन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, kta (past passive participle)

• नरेन्द्र: O king
• नरेन्द्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर + इन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• चूर्णीकृतः: pulverized, smashed to pieces
• चूर्णीकृतः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चूर्णी + कृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अस्य: of him (of Duhshasana)
• अस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• रथः: chariot
• रथः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पतन्त्या: by (the) falling (mace/club)
• पतन्त्या: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पत्
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular, śatṛ (present active participle)

• दुःशासनम्: Duhshasana
• दुःशासनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःशासन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पाण्डवाः: the Pandavas
• पाण्डवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रेक्ष्य: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + ईक्ष्
• Form: ktvā (absolutive/gerund)

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• हृष्टाः: delighted, thrilled
• हृष्टाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृष्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, kta (past passive participle, adjectival)

• पाञ्चालाः: the Panchalas
• पाञ्चालाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाञ्चाल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सिंहनादान्: lion-roars, battle-cries
• सिंहनादान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिंहनाद
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• उच्चन्: uttering, raising
• उच्चन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद् + चि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, śatṛ (present active participle)

• नरेन्द्र: O king
• नरेन्द्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर + इन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address narendra)
• Duhśāsana
• Pāṇḍavas
• Pañcālas
• ratha (chariot)
• hayāḥ (horses)
• sūta (charioteer)
• gadā (mace, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the rapid reversal of fortune in war and the moral-emotional surge that follows the downfall of a notorious aggressor. It reflects the epic’s sense that adharma invites ruin, while those aligned with a righteous cause draw renewed courage when injustice is visibly checked.

What is happening in the narrative?

A powerful descending strike (contextually, a mace-blow) shatters Duhshasana’s chariot; his horses and charioteer are killed. Witnessing his helpless condition, the Pandavas and their Panchala allies rejoice and roar in triumph, signaling a momentum shift on the battlefield.