Shloka 45

Varṣa-Parvata-Nivāsinām Varnanam

Description of Regions, Mountains, and Their Inhabitants

Devanagari script

वारवास्यायवाहाश्च चक्राश्चक्रातय: शका: । विदेहा मगधा: स्वक्षा मलजा विजयास्तथा

Transliteration

vārvāsyāyavāhāś ca cakrāś cakrātayaḥ śakāḥ | videhā magadhāḥ svakṣā malajā vijayās tathā ||

Translation

Wika ni Sañjaya: “Naroon din ang mga Vārvāsya, ang mga Ayavāha, ang mga Cakra at Cakrātaya, ang mga Śaka; gayundin ang mga Videha at Magadha, ang mga Svakṣa, ang mga Malaja, at ang mga Vijayā.”

Word by Word

वारवास्यायवाहाःthe Vāravāsyāyavāhas (a people/tribe)

चand

चक्राःthe Cakras (a people/tribe)

चक्रातयःthe Cakrātayas (a people/tribe)

शकाःthe Śakas (Scythians)

विदेहाःthe Videhas

मगधाःthe Magadhas

स्वक्षाःthe Svakṣas (a people/tribe)

मलजाःthe Malajas (a people/tribe)

विजयाःthe Vijayas (a people/tribe)

तथाalso/likewise

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Vārvāsyas

Ayavāhas

Cakras

Cakrātayas

Śakas

Videhas

Magadhas

Svakṣas

Malajas

Vijayās

Videha

Magadha

Malaya (implied by Malajāḥ)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

By listing many peoples drawn into the conflict, the verse highlights the expansive social and moral reach of war: a single dynastic struggle implicates numerous communities, reminding the listener that participation in adharma-laden violence spreads consequences far beyond the principal actors.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya continues enumerating the various peoples and regional groups present among the assembled forces, extending the catalogue of contingents that have gathered for the Kurukṣetra war.