Shloka 40

Devanagari script

धृष्टद्युम्नो5पि समरे धर्मराजानम भ्ययात्‌ । ततः प्रववृते युद्ध तुमुलं लोमहर्षणम्‌,इधर धृष्टद्युम्म भी उस समरांगणमें धर्मराज युधिष्ठिरके पास चले गये। तत्पश्चात्‌ समरभूमिमें कलिंगदेशीय योद्धाओं और महामनस्वी भीमसेनका अत्यन्त भयंकर तथा रोमांचकारी युद्ध होने लगा। जो सम्पूर्ण जागत्‌का विनाश करनेवाला घोरस्वरूप एवं महान्‌ भयदायक था

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | dhṛṣṭadyumno 'pi samare dharmarājānam abhyayāt | tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṃ tumulaṃ lomaharṣaṇam |

Translation

Wika ni Sañjaya: Maging si Dhṛṣṭadyumna, sa gitna ng labanan, ay lumapit kay Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira). Pagdaka’y sumiklab ang isang digmaang umuugong at nakapangingilabot—kakila-kilabot sa tindi—na nagpapahiwatig ng tumitinding bagsik ng giyera at ng mabigat na pananagutang moral na pasan ng mga lumalaban sa ilalim ng bandila ng dharma.

Word by Word

धृष्टद्युम्नःDhrishtadyumna

अपिalso/even

समरेin battle

धर्मराजानम्Dharmaraja (Yudhishthira)

अभ्ययात्went up to/approached

ततःthen/thereupon

प्रववृतेarose/began

युद्धम्battle/fighting

तुमुलम्tumultuous

लोमहर्षणम्hair-raising/causing horripilation

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Dhṛṣṭadyumna

Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores how, even amid violent upheaval, the war is framed through dharma: leaders and commanders act with awareness of duty and consequence, and the narrative highlights the fearful gravity that accompanies righteous responsibility in conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Dhṛṣṭadyumna moves toward Yudhiṣṭhira on the battlefield, and immediately afterward a fierce, tumultuous, hair-raising battle erupts, marking an intensification of the fighting around the Pāṇḍava leadership.