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Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 51

Nṛga-upākhyāna: Brāhmaṇa-sva and the Consequence of Misappropriated Gift-Cattle (कृकलास-रूपे नृगोपाख्यानम्)

न वधार्थ प्रदातव्या न कीनाशे न नास्तिके । गोजीविने न दातव्या तथा गौर्भरतर्षभ

bhīṣma uvāca | na vadhārthaṃ pradātavyā na kīn̄āśe na nāstike | gojīvine na dātavyā tathā gaur bharatarṣabha | gorasānāṃ na vikretur apañcayajanasya ca |

Wika ni Bhīṣma: “O toro sa liping ng mga Bharata, hindi kailanman dapat ibigay ang baka sa taong humihingi nito upang patayin. Gayundin, hindi ito dapat ibigay sa mamamatay-hayop, sa di-naniniwala (nāstika), sa nabubuhay sa pagsasamantala sa mga baka, sa nagtitinda ng gatas at mga produktong gatas, o sa nagpapabaya sa limang araw-araw na tungkuling handog (pañca-yajña). Ang pag-aalay ng baka ay isang banal na pananagutan; dapat lamang itong ipagkatiwala sa mga kamay na mag-iingat at magpaparangal dito.”

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वधार्थम्for the purpose of killing
वधार्थम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवधार्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रदातव्याshould be given
प्रदातव्या:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दा
Formतव्यत् (gerundive/obligatory), Feminine, Nominative, Singular, Passive sense (ought to be given)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कीनाशेto a butcher
कीनाशे:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootकीनाश
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नास्तिकेto an atheist/denier
नास्तिके:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootनास्तिक
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
गोजीविनेto one who lives by (means of) cows
गोजीविने:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootगोजीविन्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दातव्याshould be given
दातव्या:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formतव्यत् (gerundive/obligatory), Feminine, Nominative, Singular, Passive sense (ought to be given)
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
गौःa cow
गौः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
गोरसानाम्of cow-products (milk, etc.)
गोरसानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगोरस
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विक्रेतुःto a seller
विक्रेतुः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootविक्रेतृ
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
अपञ्चयज्ञजनस्यto one who does not perform the five sacrifices
अपञ्चयज्ञजनस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootअपञ्चयज्ञजन
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Bharatarṣabha (address to Yudhiṣṭhira)
C
cow (gauḥ)
B
butcher/slaughterer (kīn̄āśa)
N
nāstika (unbeliever/denier)
S
seller of milk-products (gorasavikretṛ)
P
pañca-yajña (five daily sacrifices/duties)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches that the merit of go-dāna (gifting a cow) depends on the recipient’s dharmic conduct and intention. A cow should not be given where it will be harmed, commodified, or placed with someone who rejects or neglects foundational duties; the donor must ensure the gift supports protection and righteous living.

In the Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma, especially the ethics of gifts and conduct. Here he specifies disqualifications for recipients of a cow, framing go-dāna as a sacred responsibility rather than a mere transfer of property.