Shloka 39

गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow

Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode

Devanagari script

युधिछिर उवाच वण्णपितमविज्ञाय नरं कलुषयोनिजम्‌ । आर्यरूपमिवानार्य कथं विद्यामहे वयम्‌

Translation

Nagsalita si Yudhishthira: “O Pitamaha! Kung ang isang tao’y itinakwil sa apat na varna, isinilang sa maruming lahi, at di-Arya, ngunit sa anyo’y waring Arya—paano namin siya makikilala?”

Word by Word

• युधिष्ठिरः: Yudhiṣṭhira
• युधिष्ठिरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

• वर्णपतितम्: fallen from (his) varṇa; outcaste
• वर्णपतितम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वर्णपतित
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अविज्ञाय: not knowing; without recognizing
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-ज्ञा
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada, prior action

• नरम्: a man
• नरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• कलुषयोनिजम्: born of an impure womb/lineage
• कलुषयोनिजम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कलुषयोनिज
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आर्यरूपम्: having the appearance of an ārya
• आर्यरूपम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आर्यरूप
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• इव: as if; like
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• अनार्यम्: a non-ārya; ignoble person
• अनार्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनार्य
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• कथम्: how?
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम्

• विद्यामहे: do we know/recognize?
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद्
• Form: Present, 1, Plural, Atmanepada

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

युधिछिर उवाच